Osteomalacia causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones caused by deactivated bone mineralization primarily due to inadequate levels of available phosphate and calcium, or because of resorption of calcium. Osteomalacia in children is known as rickets, and because of this, use of the term "osteomalacia" is often restricted to the milder, adult form of the disease. Signs and symptoms can include diffuse body pains, muscle weakness, and fragility of the bones.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning Aluminium toxicity, Bisphosphonates, Cadmium poisoning
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Adefovir, Ethotoin, Etidronate, Fluoride, Glutethimide, Long-term anticonvulsant therapy, Phenytoin, Tenofovir
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Cystinosis, Hyperparathyroidism, Hypocalcemia, Nephropathic early-onset cystinosis
Environmental Inadequate sunlight exposure
Gastroenterologic Celiac disease, Cholestasis, Primary biliary cirrhosis
Genetic Wilson disease, X-linked hypophosphataemia
Hematologic Acid phosphatase deficiency, Acid-base imbalance, Hypocalcemia, Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis, Insufficient vitamin d, Malabsorption, Metabolic acidosis, Vitamin d deficiency
Iatrogenic Long-term anticonvulsant therapy
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, Axial osteomalacia, Mesenchymal tumors
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic Insufficient vitamin d, Malabsorption, Malnutrition during pregnancy, Vitamin d deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic Malnutrition during pregnancy
Oncologic Mesenchymal tumors
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Adult hypophosphatasia, Chronic kidney failure, Dent disease, Fanconi renotubular syndrome, Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis, Hypophosphatasia, Hypophosphatemia, Metabolic acidosis, Primary renal phosphate wasting syndromes, Proximal renal tubular acidosis, Renal failure, Renal tubular acidosis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, Celiac disease, Fibrogenesis imperfecta
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Dent disease
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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References

  1. "Autoimmunity research foundation, Science behind Vitamin D". Retrieved 2011-07-19.
  2. Pack, Alison (2008). "Bone health in people with epilepsy: is it impaired and what are the risk factors". Seizure. 17 (2): 181–6. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2007.11.020. PMID 18187347.
  3. Albany, Costantine; Servetnyk, Zhanna (2009). "Disabling osteomalacia and myopathy as the only presenting features of celiac disease: a case report". Cases Journal. 2 (1): 20. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-2-20. PMC 2626577. PMID 19128487.

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