Osteomalacia causes: Difference between revisions

	Osteomalacia Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Osteomalacia from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Osteomalacia causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Osteomalacia causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Osteomalacia causes
CDC on Osteomalacia causes
Osteomalacia causes in the news
Blogs on Osteomalacia causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Osteomalacia
Risk calculators and risk factors for Osteomalacia causes

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 15:38, 11 January 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones caused by deactivated bone mineralization primarily due to inadequate levels of available phosphate and calcium, or because of resorption of calcium. Osteomalacia in children is known as rickets, and because of this, use of the term "osteomalacia" is often restricted to the milder, adult form of the disease. Signs and symptoms can include diffuse body pains, muscle weakness, and fragility of the bones.

Causes

Common Causes

The causes of adult osteomalacia are varied, but ultimately result in a vitamin D deficiency:

Insufficient nutritional quantities or faulty metabolism of vitamin D or phosphorus
Renal tubular acidosis
Malnutrition during pregnancy
Malabsorption syndrome
Hypophosphatemia^[1]
Chronic kidney failure
Tumor-induced osteomalacia
Long-term anticonvulsant therapy^[2]
Celiac disease^[3]
Cadmium poisoning, Itai-itai disease

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	Aluminium toxicity, Bisphosphonates, Cadmium poisoning
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Adefovir, Ethotoin, Etidronate, Fluoride, Glutethimide, Long-term anticonvulsant therapy, Phenytoin, Tenofovir
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Cystinosis, Hyperparathyroidism, Hypocalcemia, Nephropathic early-onset cystinosis
Environmental	Inadequate sunlight exposure
Gastroenterologic	Celiac disease, Cholestasis, Primary biliary cirrhosis
Genetic	Wilson disease, X-linked hypophosphataemia
Hematologic	Acid phosphatase deficiency, Acid-base imbalance, Hypocalcemia, Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis, Insufficient vitamin d, Malabsorption, Metabolic acidosis, Vitamin d deficiency
Iatrogenic	Long-term anticonvulsant therapy
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, Axial osteomalacia, Mesenchymal tumors
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Insufficient vitamin d, Malabsorption, Malnutrition during pregnancy, Vitamin d deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Malnutrition during pregnancy
Oncologic	Mesenchymal tumors
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Adult hypophosphatasia, Chronic kidney failure, Dent disease, Fanconi renotubular syndrome, Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis, Hypophosphatasia, Hypophosphatemia, Metabolic acidosis, Primary renal phosphate wasting syndromes, Proximal renal tubular acidosis, Renal failure, Renal tubular acidosis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, Celiac disease, Fibrogenesis imperfecta
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	Dent disease
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

3

References

↑ "Autoimmunity research foundation, Science behind Vitamin D". Retrieved 2011-07-19.
↑ Pack, Alison (2008). "Bone health in people with epilepsy: is it impaired and what are the risk factors". Seizure. 17 (2): 181–6. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2007.11.020. PMID 18187347.
↑ Albany, Costantine; Servetnyk, Zhanna (2009). "Disabling osteomalacia and myopathy as the only presenting features of celiac disease: a case report". Cases Journal. 2 (1): 20. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-2-20. PMC 2626577. PMID 19128487.

Template:WS Template:WH

[1] "Autoimmunity research foundation, Science behind Vitamin D". Retrieved 2011-07-19.

[2] Pack, Alison (2008). "Bone health in people with epilepsy: is it impaired and what are the risk factors". Seizure. 17 (2): 181–6. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2007.11.020. PMID 18187347.

[3] Albany, Costantine; Servetnyk, Zhanna (2009). "Disabling osteomalacia and myopathy as the only presenting features of celiac disease: a case report". Cases Journal. 2 (1): 20. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-2-20. PMC 2626577. PMID 19128487.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 '''Osteomalacia''' is the softening of the [[bone]]s caused by deactivated [[bone mineralization]] primarily due to inadequate levels of available [[phosphate]] and [[calcium]], or because of [[bone resorption|resorption]] of calcium. Osteomalacia in children is known as [[rickets]], and because of this, use of the term "osteomalacia" is often restricted to the milder, adult form of the disease. Signs and symptoms can include diffuse body pains, muscle weakness, and fragility of the bones.
 ==Causes==
+===Common Causes===
 The causes of adult osteomalacia are varied, but ultimately result in a vitamin D deficiency:
 *Insufficient nutritional quantities or faulty metabolism of [[vitamin D]] or [[phosphorus]]
@@ Line 17: / Line 18: @@
 *[[Celiac disease]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Albany |first1=Costantine |last2=Servetnyk |first2=Zhanna |title=Disabling osteomalacia and myopathy as the only presenting features of celiac disease: a case report |journal=Cases Journal |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=20 |year=2009 |pmid=19128487 |pmc=2626577 |doi=10.1186/1757-1626-2-20}}</ref>
 *[[Cadmium poisoning]], [[Itai-itai disease]]
+===Causes by Organ System===
+{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aluminium toxicity]],  [[Bisphosphonates]],  [[Cadmium poisoning]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adefovir]],  [[Ethotoin]],  [[Etidronate]],  [[Fluoride]],  [[Glutethimide]],  [[Long-term anticonvulsant therapy]],  [[Phenytoin]],  [[Tenofovir]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystinosis]],  [[Hyperparathyroidism]],  [[Hypocalcemia]],  [[Nephropathic early-onset cystinosis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Inadequate sunlight exposure]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac disease]],  [[Cholestasis]],  [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Wilson disease]],  [[X-linked hypophosphataemia]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acid phosphatase deficiency]],  [[Acid-base imbalance]],  [[Hypocalcemia]],  [[Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis]],  [[Insufficient vitamin d]],  [[Malabsorption]],  [[Metabolic acidosis]],  [[Vitamin d deficiency]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Long-term anticonvulsant therapy]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets]],  [[Axial osteomalacia]],  [[Mesenchymal tumors]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Insufficient vitamin d]],  [[Malabsorption]],  [[Malnutrition during pregnancy]],  [[Vitamin d deficiency]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malnutrition during pregnancy]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesenchymal tumors]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adult hypophosphatasia]],  [[Chronic kidney failure]],  [[Dent disease]],  [[Fanconi renotubular syndrome]],  [[Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis]],  [[Hypophosphatasia]],  [[Hypophosphatemia]],  [[Metabolic acidosis]],  [[Primary renal phosphate wasting syndromes]],  [[Proximal renal tubular acidosis]],  [[Renal failure]],  [[Renal tubular acidosis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets]],  [[Celiac disease]],  [[Fibrogenesis imperfecta]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dent disease]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|}
+===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+{{columns-list|3|
+*[[Acid phosphatase deficiency]]
+*[[Acid-base imbalance]]
+*[[Adefovir]]
+*[[Adult hypophosphatasia]]
+*[[Aluminium toxicity]]
+*[[Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets]]
+*[[Axial osteomalacia]]
+*[[Bisphosphonates]]
+*[[Cadmium poisoning]]
+*[[Celiac disease]]
+*[[Cholestasis]]
+*[[Chronic kidney failure]]
+*[[Cystinosis]]
+*[[Dent disease]]
+*[[Ethotoin]]
+*[[Etidronate]]
+*[[Fanconi renotubular syndrome]]
+*[[Fibrogenesis imperfecta]]
+*[[Fluoride]]
+*[[Glutethimide]]
+*[[Hyperparathyroidism]]
+*[[Hypocalcemia]]
+*[[Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis]]
+*[[Hypophosphatasia]]
+*[[Hypophosphatemia]]
+*[[Inadequate sunlight exposure]]
+*[[Insufficient vitamin d]]
+*[[Itai-itai disease]]
+*[[Long-term anticonvulsant therapy]]
+*[[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Malnutrition during pregnancy]]
+*[[Mesenchymal tumors]]
+*[[Metabolic acidosis]]
+*[[Nephropathic early-onset cystinosis]]
+*[[Phenytoin]]
+*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
+*[[Primary renal phosphate wasting syndromes]]
+*[[Proximal renal tubular acidosis]]
+*[[Renal failure]]
+*[[Renal tubular acidosis]]
+*[[Tenofovir]]
+*[[Tumor-induced osteomalacia]]
+*[[Vitamin d deficiency]]
+*[[Wilson disease]]
+*[[X-linked hypophosphataemia]]
+}}
 ==References==