Osteochondroma differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

Osteochondroma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause bone deformity, bone growth, overlying bursitis, and mechanical joint problems such as enchondroma, chondroblastoma, periosteal chondroma, and chondromyxoid fibroma.

Differentiating Osteochondroma from other Diseases

• The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate osteoid osteoma from other conditions that cause bone deformity, bone growth, overlying bursitis, and mechanical joint problems.

Differential Diagnosis	Similar Features	Differentiating Features
Enchondroma	Benign cartilaginous neoplasm Usually found in children, enchondromas are asymptomatic These tumors arise from rests of growth plate Located in the metaphyseal region	In enchondroma, differentiating features include: Imaging features, such as: Endosteal scalloping Well circumscribed mass Lytic lesions
Chondroblastoma	Benign cartilaginous neoplasm Affects young patients Located on long bones	In chondroblastoma, differentiating features include: They arise in the epiphysis or apophysis of a long bone Classical location is one-third of the tibia
Periosteal chondroma	Benign cartilaginous neoplasm Commonly located on the proximal humerus and distal femur Affects young patients	In periosteal chondroma, differentiating features include: Symptomps are usually present for a long period of time Imaging features, include: No stalk or peduncle as in an osteochondroma
Chondromyxoid fibroma	Benign cartilaginous neoplasm Located in the metaphyseal region of long bones	In chondromyxoid fibroma, differentiating features include: Occur in young adults (second and third decades) Usually located in the tibia