Osteoarthritis historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Osteoarthritis / Osteoarthrosis (OA, also known as degenerative joint disease, degenerative arthritis, arthrosis or in more colloquial terms "wear and tear") is the most common form of arthritis, caused by wearing of the cartilage that covers and cushions joint spaces. As the cartilage wears away, the patient experiences pain with weight bearing, including walking and standing. This word is derived from the Greek word "osteo", meaning "of the bone", "arthro", meaning "joint", and "itis", meaning inflammation, meanwhile, inflammation is not a common finding in this regard. OA possesses a great degree of variability in disease onset, progression, and severity. The earliest descriptions of OA were provided by Heberden and Haygarth in the 19th century. [3] [4] In the 1930s and 1940s, Dr. Stecher showed that there were two forms of OA, idiopathic and post-traumatic. [5] And, in the 1950s the links between Heberden’s nodes and large joint OA were revealed by Kellgren and Moore. In this regard, the first x-ray grading system for OA was developed by Jonas Kellgren and John Lawrence in the 1950s. Surgical management of OA was developed in the 1960s by Drs. Charnley and McKee
Historical Perspective
The historical view of osteoarthritis from antiquity to the present year has interestingly conventional perspective which can be found among: paleopathological findings about skeletal discoveries, plenty of historical literature's, visual representations found among artworks. Considering the historical findings about the osteoarthritis (such as evidences revealed in dinosaurs skeletons for example in a 200 million year old Dimetrodon Permian reptile recovered in Texas, USA there was an interesting evidence of a compound fracture in its spine which was infected with pus formation), osteoarthritis can be called as the oldest known disease on earth. According to the available evidences, osteoarthritis (OA) has been called by different terminologies: arthrosis deformans, osteoarthrosis-osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, morbus (malum) coxae seniles; Meanwhile, loss of cartilage associated with it bone features (such as osteophytes and subchondral bone sclerosis) is common among all types of OA. As mentioned before this illness has been called by many names over the years but None of them was entirely satisfactory for this condition. Despise of this fact that the word "Osteoarthritis" is a misnomer because it implies a definite existence of an inflammatory process, It has been used for many decades in the English language and will probably continue to do so because it has a well known appeal comparing with other more accurate terms of degenerative joint disease. But, totally, Osteoarthritis is considered as a non-inflammatory disease of movable joints characterized by possible formation of new bone at the articular surface and subchondral bone involvement with the abrasion and deterioration of involved articular cartilages.
Historical evidences revealed that all forms of arthritis were considered to be clinical presentations of gout.
In 1802 William Heberden in his book named "Commentaries on the History and Cure of Diseases" has described a disease which had no connection with gout. He also described the small nodes which later we know those nodes with his name.