Osteoarthritis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Robert G. Badgett, M.D. [2] Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Causes

Osteoarthritis often affects multiple members of the same family, suggesting that there is hereditary susceptibility to this condition. A number of studies have shown that there is a greater prevalence of the disease between siblings and especially identical twins, indicating a hereditary basis. Up to 60% of OA cases are thought to result from genetic factors. Researchers are also investigating the possibility of allergies, infections, or fungi as a cause. There is some evidence that allergies, whether fungal, infectious or systemically induced, may be a significant contributing factor to the appearance of osteoarthritis in a synovial sac. Randomized, controlled studies have shown a 40% reduction in joint degeneration if Tetracycline derivative antibiotics are taken consistently over time.

Obesity may contribute to osteoarthritis of the knee.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Leg-length inequality > 1 cm is associated with osteoarthritis of the knee.^[4]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Paget disease
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Acromegaly, Hemochromatosis, Pituitary cancer, Pituitary tumors, Reduced sex hormones
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Hemochromatosis, Wilson disease
Genetic	Adam12, Alkaptonuria , Asymmetric leg length, Bmp, Clip, Col11a2, Ehlers-danlos syndrome, Erg, Familial chondrocalcinosis, Frzb, Gdf5, Il10, Larsen syndrome , Mcf2l, Mmp3, Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia , Nail-patella syndrome , Osteochondritis dissecans , Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda , Tgfb1, Thalassemia, Wilson disease
Hematologic	Diabetes, Hemochromatosis, Thalassemia
Iatrogenic	Meniscectomy, Surgery
Infectious Disease	Syringomyelia, Tabes dorsalis, Viral hepatitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Aseptic necrosis of bone, Asymmetric leg length, Avascular necrosis, Chondrocalcinosis 1 , Chondrocalcinosis 2, Developmental dysplasia of the hip, Ehlers-danlos syndrome, Familial chondrocalcinosis, Fracture of bone, Joint injury, Meniscectomy, Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia , Muscle dysfunction, Osteochondritis dissecans , Syringomyelia, Tabes dorsalis
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Diabetes, Obesity
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Pituitary cancer, Pituitary tumors
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Allergies, Aseptic necrosis of bone, Avascular necrosis, Chondrocalcinosis 1 , Chondrocalcinosis 2, Crystal deposition, Gout, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Satoyoshi syndrome
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Developmental dysplasia of the hip, Fracture of bone, Joint injury, Physical trauma, Trauma
Urologic	Alkaptonuria
Miscellaneous	Aging

Causes in Alphabetical Order

3

References

↑ Nguyen US, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Niu J, Zhang B, Felson DT (2011). "Increasing prevalence of knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: survey and cohort data". Ann Intern Med. 155 (11): 725–32. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00004. PMC 3408027. PMID 22147711.
↑ McAlindon TE, Wilson PW, Aliabadi P, Weissman B, Felson DT (1999). "Level of physical activity and the risk of radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the elderly: the Framingham study". Am J Med. 106 (2): 151–7. PMID 10230743.
↑ Hart DJ, Doyle DV, Spector TD (1999). "Incidence and risk factors for radiographic knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged women: the Chingford Study". Arthritis Rheum. 42 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199901)42:1<17::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-E. PMID 9920009.
↑ Harvey WF, Yang M, Cooke TD, Segal NA, Lane N, Lewis CE; et al. (2010). "Association of leg-length inequality with knee osteoarthritis: a cohort study". Ann Intern Med. 152 (5): 287–95. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-152-5-201003020-00006. PMID 20194234.

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[pmid22147711-1] Nguyen US, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Niu J, Zhang B, Felson DT (2011). "Increasing prevalence of knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: survey and cohort data". Ann Intern Med. 155 (11): 725–32. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00004. PMC 3408027. PMID 22147711.

[pmid10230743-2] McAlindon TE, Wilson PW, Aliabadi P, Weissman B, Felson DT (1999). "Level of physical activity and the risk of radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the elderly: the Framingham study". Am J Med. 106 (2): 151–7. PMID 10230743.

[pmid9920009-3] Hart DJ, Doyle DV, Spector TD (1999). "Incidence and risk factors for radiographic knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged women: the Chingford Study". Arthritis Rheum. 42 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199901)42:1<17::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-E. PMID 9920009.

[pmid20194234-4] Harvey WF, Yang M, Cooke TD, Segal NA, Lane N, Lewis CE; et al. (2010). "Association of leg-length inequality with knee osteoarthritis: a cohort study". Ann Intern Med. 152 (5): 287–95. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-152-5-201003020-00006. PMID 20194234.

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