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** If any form of tobacco use is combined with heavy alcohol intake, the carcinogenic potential increases. | ** If any form of tobacco use is combined with heavy alcohol intake, the carcinogenic potential increases. | ||
* [[Alcohol]] | * [[Alcohol]] | ||
** Heavy alcohol intake can lead to cancer of [[pharynx]] and [[larynx]]. | ** Heavy alcohol intake can lead to cancer of [[pharynx]] and [[larynx]]. | ||
** Carcinogenic potential increases when combined with tobacco use. | ** Carcinogenic potential increases when combined with tobacco use. | ||
Revision as of 15:34, 31 January 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]:Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]Sargun Singh Walia M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Common causes of oral cancers include premalignant lesion, tobacco, alcohol, human papillomavirus, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Causes
Common causes of oral cancer include:
- Premalignant lesion[1]
- Benign and morphologically altered tissue
- Premalignant lesions are of various types:
- Leukoplakia - benign white patches
- Erythroplakia - red patches
- Erythroleukoplakia - mixed red and white patches
- lichen planus
- Oral submucous fibrosis - very common in Indian subcontinent
- actinic cheilitis
- Tobacco
- 75% cases of oral cancers occur due to tobacco.
- It causes irritation of mucous membrane in the mouth.
- Both smoking and chewing tobacco can lead to irritation of mucous membrane of the mouth.
- 60 types of carcinogens are known to occur in tobacco smoke.
- If any form of tobacco use is combined with heavy alcohol intake, the carcinogenic potential increases.
- Human Papilloma Virus(HPV)
- HPV type 16 is the most common subtype associated with oral cancer.
- Unprotected oral sexual behaviours with a patient suffering from HPV can transmit this virus.[2]
- Most commonly involves tonsils, base of the tongue and the oropharynx.
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Higher risk for squamous cell carcinoma
References
- ↑ Colvin RB, Pinn VW, Simpson BA, Dvorak HF (1973). "Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. IV. The "late reaction": sequel to Jones-Mote type hypersensitivity. Comparison with rabbit Arthus reaction. Effect of passive antibody on induction and expression of Jones-Mote hypersensitivity". J. Immunol. 110 (5): 1279–89. PMID 4266835.
- ↑ Shah A, Malik A, Garg A, Mair M, Nair S, Chaturvedi P (2017). "Oral sex and human papilloma virus-related head and neck squamous cell cancer: a review of the literature". Postgrad Med J. 93 (1105): 704–709. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134603. PMID 28778951.