Nephrotic syndrome classification: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 22:57, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3], Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian

Overview

Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology. Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary glomerular disease. The secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as infections, malignancies, systemic conditions, and medications.

Classification

Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology.^[1]

Nephrotic
syndrome

Primary

Secondary

Below table lists different types of nephrotic syndromes:^[2]^[3]^[4]

Different types of nephrotic syndromes	Disease name
Podocytopathies	Primary	Minimal change disease
	Primary	Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
	Secondary	Infection such as: HIV
		Drugs/toxins such as: NSAIDs Interferon Pamidronate Lithium Vaccins Envenomation
		Malignancies such as: Hodgkin lymphoma Thymoma
		Genetic disorders such as: Nephrin mutations Podocin gene mutations
Membranous glomerulonephritis	Primary	Membranous nephropathy
Membranous glomerulonephritis	Secondary	Drugs Toxins Malignancies
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis	Secondary	Autoimmune disorders such as: SLE Aquired C3 glomerulopathy Infections such as: HCV Endocarditis Genetics Malignancies Thrombotic microangiopathy
Hereditary Nephropathy	Alport syndrome IgA nephropathy C1q nephropathy
Glomerular deposition diseases	Diabetes mellitus Amyloidosis Monoclonal deposition disease Nodular glomeruloneohritis associated with heavy smoking
Others	Fabry disease Nail-patella syndrome Partial lipodystrophy Preeclampsia

References

↑ Kodner C (2009). "Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management". Am Fam Physician. 80 (10): 1129–34. PMID 19904897.
↑ Braden GL, Mulhern JG, O'Shea MH, Nash SV, Ucci AA, Germain MJ (May 2000). "Changing incidence of glomerular diseases in adults". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 35 (5): 878–83. PMID 10793022.
↑ Heaf J (September 2004). "The Danish Renal Biopsy Register". Kidney Int. 66 (3): 895–7. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00832.x. PMID 15327377.
↑ Ha TS (March 2017). "Genetics of hereditary nephrotic syndrome: a clinical review". Korean J Pediatr. 60 (3): 55–63. doi:10.3345/kjp.2017.60.3.55. PMC 5383633. PMID 28392820.

[pmid19904897-1] Kodner C (2009). "Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management". Am Fam Physician. 80 (10): 1129–34. PMID 19904897.

[pmid10793022-2] Braden GL, Mulhern JG, O'Shea MH, Nash SV, Ucci AA, Germain MJ (May 2000). "Changing incidence of glomerular diseases in adults". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 35 (5): 878–83. PMID 10793022.

[pmid15327377-3] Heaf J (September 2004). "The Danish Renal Biopsy Register". Kidney Int. 66 (3): 895–7. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00832.x. PMID 15327377.

[pmid28392820-4] Ha TS (March 2017). "Genetics of hereditary nephrotic syndrome: a clinical review". Korean J Pediatr. 60 (3): 55–63. doi:10.3345/kjp.2017.60.3.55. PMC 5383633. PMID 28392820.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Nephrotic syndrome}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}, {{APM}}; {{AE}} {{OO}}, [[User:YazanDaaboul|Yazan Daaboul]], [[User:Sergekorjian|Serge Korjian]]
+==Overview==
+Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology.  Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary [[glomerular]] disease. The secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as [[infection]]s, [[malignancies]], systemic conditions, and [[medication]]s.
 ==Classification==
+* Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology.<ref name="pmid19904897">{{cite journal| author=Kodner C| title=Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2009 | volume= 80 | issue= 10 | pages= 1129-34 | pmid=19904897 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19904897 }} </ref>
-===Etiologic Classification===
-A broad classification of nephrotic syndrome based on etiology:
 <center>
 {{familytree/start}}
@@ Line 13: / Line 15: @@
 {{familytree/end}}
 </center>
+* Below table lists different types of nephrotic syndromes:<ref name="pmid10793022">{{cite journal |vauthors=Braden GL, Mulhern JG, O'Shea MH, Nash SV, Ucci AA, Germain MJ |title=Changing incidence of glomerular diseases in adults |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=878–83 |date=May 2000 |pmid=10793022 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15327377">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heaf J |title=The Danish Renal Biopsy Register |journal=Kidney Int. |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=895–7 |date=September 2004 |pmid=15327377 |doi=10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00832.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28392820">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ha TS |title=Genetics of hereditary nephrotic syndrome: a clinical review |journal=Korean J Pediatr |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=55–63 |date=March 2017 |pmid=28392820 |pmc=5383633 |doi=10.3345/kjp.2017.60.3.55 |url=}}</ref>
+{|
-{| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left;" cellpadding="5" align="center"
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Different types of nephrotic syndromes
-|+ '''''Common Causes of Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome<ref name="pmid18497417">{{cite journal| author=Hull RP, Goldsmith DJ| title=Nephrotic syndrome in adults. | journal=BMJ | year= 2008 | volume= 336 | issue= 7654 | pages= 1185-9 | pmid=18497417 | doi=10.1136/bmj.39576.709711.80 | pmc=PMC2394708 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18497417 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19904897">{{cite journal| author=Kodner C| title=Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2009 | volume= 80 | issue= 10 | pages= 1129-34 | pmid=19904897 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19904897 }} </ref>'''''
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Disease name
-| bgcolor="#d9ff54"|'''Cause''' || bgcolor="#d9ff54"|'''Characteristic Features'''
+|-
+! rowspan="6" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Podocytopathies
+| rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Primary
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Minimal change disease]]
+|-
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]] ([[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis|FSGS]])
+|-
+| rowspan="4" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Secondary
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Infection such as:
+* [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]
+|-
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Drugs/toxins such as:
+* [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]]
+* Interferon
+* Pamidronate
+* Lithium
+* Vaccins
+* Envenomation
 |-
-| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Diabetes Mellitus''' ||
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Malignancies such as:
-*Glucosuria
+* [[Hodgkin's lymphoma|Hodgkin lymphoma]]
-*Hyperglycemia
+* [[Thymoma]]
-*Polyuria
-*Polydipsia
 |-
-| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)''' ||
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Genetic disorders such as:
-*Anemia
+* [[Nephrin]] mutations
-*Arthralgia
+* [[Podocin]] gene mutations
-*Malar or discoid rash
-*Photosensitivity
-*Neurological, renal, immunologic disease
-*Pleural effusion or ascites
-*Positive ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies
 |-
-| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Viral Hepatitis (HBV and HCV)''' ||
+! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Membranous glomerulonephritis]]
-*Elevated liver function tests
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Primary
-*History of transfusions
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Membranous nephritis|Membranous nephropathy]]
-*High-risk sexual encounters
-*IV drug use
-*Positive HBsAg or HCV RNA
 |-
-| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''NSAIDs''' ||
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Secondary
-*Associated with minimal change disease (MCD)
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Drugs]]
+* [[Toxin|Toxins]]
+* [[Cancer|Malignancies]]
 |-
-|bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Amyloidosis''' ||
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Secondary
-*Cardiomyopathy
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-*Hepatomegaly
+* Autoimmune disorders such as:
-*Peripheral neuropathy
+** [[SLE]]
+** Aquired [[C3 glomerulopathy]]
+* Infections such as:
+** [[Hepatitis C|HCV]]
+** [[Endocarditis]]
+* [[Genetics]]
+* [[Malignancies]]
+* [[Thrombotic microangiopathy]]
 |-
-| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Multiple Myeloma''' ||
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Hereditary Nephropathy
-*Abrnomal urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP) and serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)
+| colspan="2" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-*Back pain
+* [[Alport syndrome]]
-*Renal failure
+* [[IgA nephropathy]]
-*Anemia
+* C1q nephropathy
-*Hypercalcemia
-*Positive serum beta-2-microglobulin
 |-
-| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''HIV''' ||
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Glomerular deposition disease|Glomerular deposition diseases]]
-*Reduced CD4 cell counts
+| colspan="2" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-*High-risk sexual encounters
+* [[Diabetes mellitus]]
-*History of transfusions
+* [[Amyloidosis]]
-*History of drug use
+* [[Monoclonal antibodies|Monoclonal]] deposition disease
-*Renal pathology similar to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
+* Nodular glomeruloneohritis associated with heavy [[smoking]]
 |-
-| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Preeclampsia''' ||
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Others
-*High blood pressure, edema, and proteinuria during pregnancy
+| colspan="2" align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Fabry's disease|Fabry disease]]
+* [[Nail-patella syndrome]]
+* [[Lipodystrophy|Partial lipodystrophy]]
+* [[Pre-eclampsia|Preeclampsia]]
 |}
-<sup>Adapted from Hull RP, Goldsmith DJ. Nephrotic syndrome in adults. BMJ. 2008; 336:1185-9</sup>
-===Histologic Classification===
-Nephrotic syndrome is often classified histologically:
-<center>
-{{familytree/start}}
-{{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01=Nephrotic<br>syndrome}}
-{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
-{{familytree | | | | B01 | | | B02 | | | B03|B01=[[Minimal change disease|MCD]]|B02=[[focal segmental glomerulosclerosis|FSGS]]|B03=[[membranous nephropathy|MN]] }}
-{{familytree/end}}
-</center>
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
-[[Category:Kidney diseases]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
 [[Category:Nephrology]]
-[[Category:Pediatrics]]
+[[Category:Urology]]
-[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
-[[Category:Syndromes]]
+[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
-[[Category:Needs overview]]
-[[Category:Primary care]]
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}

Nephrotic syndrome classification: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 22:57, 29 July 2020

Overview

Classification

References

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