Nausea and vomiting natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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===Natural history=== | ===Natural history=== | ||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
*aspiration of gastric content | *aspiration of gastric content <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | ||
*dehydration <ref name="pmid29277090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim GH, Jung KW |title=[Vomiting] |language=Korean |journal=Korean J Gastroenterol |volume=70 |issue=6 |pages=283–287 |date=December 2017 |pmid=29277090 |doi=10.4166/kjg.2017.70.6.283 |url=}}</ref> | *dehydration <ref name="pmid29277090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim GH, Jung KW |title=[Vomiting] |language=Korean |journal=Korean J Gastroenterol |volume=70 |issue=6 |pages=283–287 |date=December 2017 |pmid=29277090 |doi=10.4166/kjg.2017.70.6.283 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*electrolyte | *electrolyte imbalance leading to [[metabolic alkalosis]] (increased blood [[pH]]), showing [[hypokalemia]] and [[hypochloremia]] <ref name="pmid29277090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim GH, Jung KW |title=[Vomiting] |language=Korean |journal=Korean J Gastroenterol |volume=70 |issue=6 |pages=283–287 |date=December 2017 |pmid=29277090 |doi=10.4166/kjg.2017.70.6.283 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | ||
*[[cachexia]] due to loss of intake of food <ref name="pmid29277090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim GH, Jung KW |title=[Vomiting] |language=Korean |journal=Korean J Gastroenterol |volume=70 |issue=6 |pages=283–287 |date=December 2017 |pmid=29277090 |doi=10.4166/kjg.2017.70.6.283 |url=}}</ref> | *[[cachexia]] due to loss of intake of food <ref name="pmid29277090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim GH, Jung KW |title=[Vomiting] |language=Korean |journal=Korean J Gastroenterol |volume=70 |issue=6 |pages=283–287 |date=December 2017 |pmid=29277090 |doi=10.4166/kjg.2017.70.6.283 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*antepartum hemorrhage of indeterminate origin in early pregnancy <ref name="pmid2599251">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chin RK |title=Antenatal complications and perinatal outcome in patients with nausea and vomiting-complicated pregnancy |journal=Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=215–9 |date=December 1989 |pmid=2599251 |doi=10.1016/0028-2243(89)90132-9 |url=}}</ref> | *antepartum hemorrhage of indeterminate origin in early pregnancy <ref name="pmid2599251">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chin RK |title=Antenatal complications and perinatal outcome in patients with nausea and vomiting-complicated pregnancy |journal=Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=215–9 |date=December 1989 |pmid=2599251 |doi=10.1016/0028-2243(89)90132-9 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[callus]] formation and [[abrasions]] on skin of hands in case of self induced vomiting <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | |||
*pressure on ear, nose and eyes sometimes leading to [[subconjunctival]] [[hemorrhage]] and nose bleeds due to prolonged retching <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | |||
*dental [[erosion]], discoloration and sensitivity of teeth, gum disease due to acidic gastric content <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | |||
*cracking of corners of lips <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | |||
* mucositis of hard palate and throat <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | |||
*hoarseness <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | |||
*salivary gland enlargement and parotid gland hypertrophy in bulimics <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> <ref name="pmid10356637">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metzger ED, Levine JM, McArdle CR, Wolfe BE, Jimerson DC |title=Salivary gland enlargement and elevated serum amylase in bulimia nervosa |journal=Biol Psychiatry |volume=45 |issue=11 |pages=1520–2 |date=June 1999 |pmid=10356637 |doi=10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00221-2 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*GERD in case of frequent vomiting <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | |||
*Mallory-Weiss tear <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | |||
* Boerhaauve's syndrome <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | |||
*elevated amylase level in case of repeated vomiting <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> <ref name="pmid10356637">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metzger ED, Levine JM, McArdle CR, Wolfe BE, Jimerson DC |title=Salivary gland enlargement and elevated serum amylase in bulimia nervosa |journal=Biol Psychiatry |volume=45 |issue=11 |pages=1520–2 |date=June 1999 |pmid=10356637 |doi=10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00221-2 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* Cardiovascular symptoms including hypotention, sinus tachycardia, arrythmias and orthostasis in bulimic patients <ref name="BrownMehler2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=Carrie A.|last2=Mehler|first2=Philip S.|title=Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting|journal=Eating Disorders|volume=21|issue=4|year=2013|pages=287–294|issn=1064-0266|doi=10.1080/10640266.2013.797317}}</ref> | |||
* | |||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== |
Revision as of 21:20, 15 January 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Natural history, complications and prognosis
Natural history
Complications
- aspiration of gastric content [1]
- dehydration [2]
- electrolyte imbalance leading to metabolic alkalosis (increased blood pH), showing hypokalemia and hypochloremia [2] [1]
- cachexia due to loss of intake of food [2]
- antepartum hemorrhage of indeterminate origin in early pregnancy [3]
- callus formation and abrasions on skin of hands in case of self induced vomiting [1]
- pressure on ear, nose and eyes sometimes leading to subconjunctival hemorrhage and nose bleeds due to prolonged retching [1]
- dental erosion, discoloration and sensitivity of teeth, gum disease due to acidic gastric content [1]
- cracking of corners of lips [1]
- mucositis of hard palate and throat [1]
- hoarseness [1]
- GERD in case of frequent vomiting [1]
- Mallory-Weiss tear [1]
- Boerhaauve's syndrome [1]
- Cardiovascular symptoms including hypotention, sinus tachycardia, arrythmias and orthostasis in bulimic patients [1]
Prognosis
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Brown, Carrie A.; Mehler, Philip S. (2013). "Medical Complications of Self-Induced Vomiting". Eating Disorders. 21 (4): 287–294. doi:10.1080/10640266.2013.797317. ISSN 1064-0266.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kim GH, Jung KW (December 2017). "[Vomiting]". Korean J Gastroenterol (in Korean). 70 (6): 283–287. doi:10.4166/kjg.2017.70.6.283. PMID 29277090.
- ↑ Chin RK (December 1989). "Antenatal complications and perinatal outcome in patients with nausea and vomiting-complicated pregnancy". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 33 (3): 215–9. doi:10.1016/0028-2243(89)90132-9. PMID 2599251.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Metzger ED, Levine JM, McArdle CR, Wolfe BE, Jimerson DC (June 1999). "Salivary gland enlargement and elevated serum amylase in bulimia nervosa". Biol Psychiatry. 45 (11): 1520–2. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00221-2. PMID 10356637.