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* Various methods were initially proposed in the [[treatment]] of narcolepsy until Prinzmetal and Bloomberg introduced [[amphetamines]] in 1935.<ref name="Prinzmetal1935">{{cite journal|last1=Prinzmetal|first1=Myron|title=THE USE OF BENZEDRINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF NARCOLEPSY|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=105|issue=25|year=1935|pages=2051|issn=0002-9955|doi=10.1001/jama.1935.02760510023006}}</ref>
* Various methods were initially proposed in the [[treatment]] of narcolepsy until Prinzmetal and Bloomberg introduced [[amphetamines]] in 1935.<ref name="Prinzmetal1935">{{cite journal|last1=Prinzmetal|first1=Myron|title=THE USE OF BENZEDRINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF NARCOLEPSY|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=105|issue=25|year=1935|pages=2051|issn=0002-9955|doi=10.1001/jama.1935.02760510023006}}</ref>
* After the discovery of [[tricyclic antidepressants]] in 1957, Akimoto, Honda, and Takahashi used [[imipramine]] in the [[treatment]] of [[cataplexy]] in [[humans]].
* After the discovery of [[tricyclic antidepressants]] in 1957, Akimoto, Honda, and Takahashi used [[imipramine]] in the [[treatment]] of [[cataplexy]] in [[humans]].<ref name="pmid13681922">{{cite journal| author=AKIMOTO H, HONDA Y, TAKAHASHI Y| title=Pharmacotherapy in narcolepsy. | journal=Dis Nerv Syst | year= 1960 | volume= 21 | issue=  | pages= 704-6 | pmid=13681922 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13681922  }} </ref>
* [[Methylphenidate]] was introduced by Yoss and Daly in the 1960s.<ref name="YossDaly1959">{{cite journal|last1=Yoss|first1=R. E.|last2=Daly|first2=D.|title=Treatment of narcolepsy with Ritalin|journal=Neurology|volume=9|issue=3|year=1959|pages=171–171|issn=0028-3878|doi=10.1212/WNL.9.3.171}}</ref>
* [[Methylphenidate]] was introduced by Yoss and Daly in the 1960s.<ref name="YossDaly1959">{{cite journal|last1=Yoss|first1=R. E.|last2=Daly|first2=D.|title=Treatment of narcolepsy with Ritalin|journal=Neurology|volume=9|issue=3|year=1959|pages=171–171|issn=0028-3878|doi=10.1212/WNL.9.3.171}}</ref>



Revision as of 18:16, 2 August 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Muhammad Waleed Haider, M.D.[2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Discovery

  • Cataplexy from the Greek kataplexis (fixation of the eyes), was first named by Loëwenfeld (1902) as he was the first to name brief episodes of muscle weakness triggered by emotions.[7]
  • Kinnier Wilson (1928) first coined the term, "sleep paralysis."
  • Large case series of narcolepsy with cataplexy was published by Addie (1926), Wilson (1927), and Daniels (1934).[8][9][10] Review of narcolepsy-cataplexy by Daniels is considered by many as one of the most insightful clinical reviews published.
  • The association of oculomotor paralysis and somnolence led to the pioneering work of Von Economo (1930) who first recognized the posterior hypothalamus as a critical region for the promotion of wakefulness and correctly proposed that a region in the posterior hypothalamus was lesioned in human narcolepsy.[11] He specifically wrote: “it is very probable, though not proved, that the narcolepsy of Redlich, Westphal, and Gélineau has its primary cause in a yet unknown disease of that region”.
  • The classic description of narcolepsy tetrad was possible due to further work by Yoss and Daly at the Mayo clinic in 1957 and Bedrich Roth in Prague.[12][13]
  • REM sleep at the onset of sleep attack in narcoleptic patients was first ever recorded and reported by Vogel (1960), an observation extended by Rechschaffen and Dement in 1967.
  • In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].
  • In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].

Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies

Impact on Cultural History

Famous Cases

The following are a few famous cases of [disease name]:

References

  1. Fischer, Franz (1878). "Epileptoide Schlafzustände". Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten. 8 (1): 200–203. doi:10.1007/BF01791317. ISSN 0003-9373.
  2. Westphal C. Eigenthümliche mit Einschläfen verbundene Anfälle. Arch. Psychiat., 7: 631-635 1877.
  3. Schenck CH, Bassetti CL, Arnulf I, Mignot E (2007). "English translations of the first clinical reports on narcolepsy and cataplexy by Westphal and Gélineau in the late 19th century, with commentary". J Clin Sleep Med. 3 (3): 301–11. PMC 2564780. PMID 17561602.
  4. Janković S, Susić V, Sokić D, Lević Z (1996). "[Dr. John Baptiste Edouard Gélineau]". Srp Arh Celok Lek. 124 (11–12): 331–5. PMID 9132972.
  5. Gélineau J. De la narcolepsie. Gazette des hôpitaux,. 53: 626-628, 1880.
  6. Gélineau JBE. De la narcolepsie. Surgères, Charente-Inférieure: Imprimerie de Surgères, 64, 1881.
  7. Löwenfeld L. Uber Narkolepsie. Munch. Med. Wochenschr., 49: 1041-1045, 1902.
  8. Addie W. IdIopathic narcolepsy: a disease sui generis; with remarks on the mechanism of sleep. Brain, 49: 257-306, 1926.
  9. Wilson SAK. The narcolepsies. Annual Congress Assoc. Phys., June 3: 63-109, 1927.
  10. Daniels LE. Narcolepsy. Medicine, 13(1): 1-122, 1934.
  11. Van Economo C. Sleep as a problem of localization. J. Nerv. Ment. Disease, 71(3): 249-259, 1930.
  12. . doi:10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-05312-8. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. YOSS RE, DALY DD (1957). "Criteria for the diagnosis of the narcoleptic syndrome". Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin. 32 (12): 320–8. PMID 13441766.
  14. Prinzmetal, Myron (1935). "THE USE OF BENZEDRINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF NARCOLEPSY". Journal of the American Medical Association. 105 (25): 2051. doi:10.1001/jama.1935.02760510023006. ISSN 0002-9955.
  15. AKIMOTO H, HONDA Y, TAKAHASHI Y (1960). "Pharmacotherapy in narcolepsy". Dis Nerv Syst. 21: 704–6. PMID 13681922.
  16. Yoss, R. E.; Daly, D. (1959). "Treatment of narcolepsy with Ritalin". Neurology. 9 (3): 171–171. doi:10.1212/WNL.9.3.171. ISSN 0028-3878.

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