Myxoma natural history: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
If left untreated, cardiac myxoma progression occurs slowly. The overlap of various phenomena such as thrombosis, hemorrhage, or fragmentation may influence tumor growth, detachment, and consequently embolism. Complications that can develop as a result of myxoma are: [[arrhythmias]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[peripheral emboli]], [[metastasis]], [[blockage of the mitral heart valve]]. The [[survival rate]]s after 5-years are 83% for benign heart tumors. | If left untreated, cardiac myxoma progression occurs slowly. The overlap of various phenomena such as thrombosis, hemorrhage, or fragmentation may influence tumor growth, detachment, and consequently embolism. Complications that can develop as a result of myxoma are: [[arrhythmias]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[peripheral emboli]], [[metastasis]], [[blockage of the mitral heart valve]]. The [[survival rate]]s after 5-years are 83% for benign heart tumors. | ||
==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
* If left untreated, cardiac myxoma progression occurs slowly. The overlap of various phenomena such as [[thrombosis]], [[hemorrhage]], or fragmentation may influence tumor growth, detachment, and consequently [[embolism]].<ref name="pmid3547010">{{cite journal |vauthors=Markel ML, Waller BF, Armstrong WF |title=Cardiac myxoma. A review |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=114–25 |year=1987 |pmid=3547010 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * If left untreated, cardiac myxoma progression occurs slowly. The overlap of various phenomena such as [[thrombosis]], [[hemorrhage]], or fragmentation may influence tumor growth, detachment, and consequently [[embolism]].<ref name="pmid24717305">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hoffmeier A, Sindermann JR, Scheld HH, Martens S |title=Cardiac tumors--diagnosis and surgical treatment |journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int |volume=111 |issue=12 |pages=205–11 |year=2014 |pmid=24717305 |pmc=3983698 |doi=10.3238/arztebl.2014.0205 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3547010">{{cite journal |vauthors=Markel ML, Waller BF, Armstrong WF |title=Cardiac myxoma. A review |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=114–25 |year=1987 |pmid=3547010 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Constitutional symptoms, such as: [[weight loss]], [[fatigue]], and [[weakness]] are often the initial clinical presentation of cardiac myxoma patients, and may resemble those from [[endocarditis]]. | * Constitutional symptoms, such as: [[weight loss]], [[fatigue]], and [[weakness]] are often the initial clinical presentation of cardiac myxoma patients, and may resemble those from [[endocarditis]]. | ||
* [[Metastases]] are very uncommon in cardiac myxoma. | * [[Metastases]] are very uncommon in cardiac myxoma. | ||
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Complications are common. Some of the complications that may develop as a result of myxoma are:<ref> Atrial myxoma. Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_myxoma Accessed November 13, 2015 </ref> | Complications are common. Some of the complications that may develop as a result of myxoma are:<ref>Atrial myxoma. Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_myxoma Accessed November 13, 2015 </ref> | ||
*[[Peripheral emboli]] | *[[Peripheral emboli]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]
Overview
If left untreated, cardiac myxoma progression occurs slowly. The overlap of various phenomena such as thrombosis, hemorrhage, or fragmentation may influence tumor growth, detachment, and consequently embolism. Complications that can develop as a result of myxoma are: arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, peripheral emboli, metastasis, blockage of the mitral heart valve. The survival rates after 5-years are 83% for benign heart tumors.
Natural History
- If left untreated, cardiac myxoma progression occurs slowly. The overlap of various phenomena such as thrombosis, hemorrhage, or fragmentation may influence tumor growth, detachment, and consequently embolism.[1][2]
- Constitutional symptoms, such as: weight loss, fatigue, and weakness are often the initial clinical presentation of cardiac myxoma patients, and may resemble those from endocarditis.
- Metastases are very uncommon in cardiac myxoma.
- Overall, clinical features of cardiac myxoma are associated with the tumor size, location, and mobility.[3]
- Approximately 20% of patients with cardiac myxoma are asymptomatic.
- Since the majority of the cardiac myxomas are left sided, it may progress to develop mitral valve obstruction or systemic embolic events, such as stroke.
- Whereas, right atrial myxomas may obstruct the tricuspid valve and can present as right sided heart failure.
Complications
Complications are common. Some of the complications that may develop as a result of myxoma are:[4]
- Peripheral emboli
- Blockage of the mitral heart valve
- Syncope
- Arrhythmias
- Pulmonary edema
- Metastasis
- Sudden death
- Fusiform cerebral aneurysms
Prognosis
Depending on the complications derivated from the cardiac myxoma at the time of diagnosis (embolic event or valve obstruction) the prognosis may vary. However with no complications, the prognosis is generally regarded as favorable after surgery. Recurrence rates (either locally or elsewhere in the heart) reported in 1-3% of cases. In atypical cases the rate is much higher (12-22%).[5] The survival rates after 5-years are 83% for benign heart tumors.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hoffmeier A, Sindermann JR, Scheld HH, Martens S (2014). "Cardiac tumors--diagnosis and surgical treatment". Dtsch Arztebl Int. 111 (12): 205–11. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2014.0205. PMC 3983698. PMID 24717305.
- ↑ Markel ML, Waller BF, Armstrong WF (1987). "Cardiac myxoma. A review". Medicine (Baltimore). 66 (2): 114–25. PMID 3547010.
- ↑ Burke A, Virmani R. Tumors of the Heart and Great Vessels. Amer Registry of Pathology; 1996.
- ↑ Atrial myxoma. Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_myxoma Accessed November 13, 2015
- ↑ Prognosis-Cardiac Myxoma.Radiopedia http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cardiac-myxoma Accessed on November 13,2015