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{{Mononucleosis}} | {{Mononucleosis}} | ||
{{CMG | {{CMG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are [[fever]], [[sore throat]], and [[Lymphadenopathy|swollen lymph glands]]. Sometimes, a [[splenomegaly]] or [[hepatomegaly]] may develop. Heart problems or involvement of the central nervous system occurs only rarely, and [[infectious mononucleosis]] is | Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are [[fever]], [[sore throat]], and [[Lymphadenopathy|swollen lymph glands]]. Sometimes, a [[splenomegaly]] or [[hepatomegaly]] may develop. Heart problems or involvement of the central nervous system occurs only rarely, and [[infectious mononucleosis]] is almost never fatal. There are no known associations between active EBV infection and problems during pregnancy, such as miscarriages or birth defects. Although the symptoms of [[infectious mononucleosis]] usually resolve in 1 or 2 months, [[EBV]] remains dormant or latent in a few cells in the throat and blood for the rest of the person's life. Periodically, the virus can reactivate and is commonly found in the saliva of infected persons. This reactivation usually occurs without symptoms of illness. | ||
==History and Symptoms== | |||
===Active EBV Infection=== | |||
====Asymptomatic==== | |||
==Active EBV Infection | |||
===Asymptomatic | |||
*In small children, the course of the disease is frequently asymptomatic. | *In small children, the course of the disease is frequently asymptomatic. | ||
*Majority of adults infected with ''mono'' also remain asymptomatic with serological evidence of past infection. | *Majority of adults infected with ''mono'' also remain asymptomatic with serological evidence of past infection. | ||
===Initial | ====Initial Prodrome==== | ||
* | *Incubation period: 1-2 months | ||
* | *Common symptoms include: | ||
:*Low-grade [[fever]] without chills is seen in nearly all cases | :*Low-grade [[fever]] without chills is seen in nearly all cases | ||
:*[[Sore throat]]: white patches on the tonsils and back of the throat are often seen | :*[[Sore throat]]: white patches on the tonsils and back of the throat are often seen | ||
| Line 23: | Line 22: | ||
:*Tender [[lymphadenopathy]], particularly the posterior [[cervical lymph nodes]] are involved | :*Tender [[lymphadenopathy]], particularly the posterior [[cervical lymph nodes]] are involved | ||
* | *Other symptoms that have been described in patients with [[EBV|EBV infection]] include: | ||
:*Unable to swallow due to [[tonsils|enlarged tonsils]] | :*Unable to swallow due to [[tonsils|enlarged tonsils]] | ||
:*[[cough|Dry cough]] | :*[[cough|Dry cough]] | ||
| Line 33: | Line 32: | ||
:*[[Diarrhea]] | :*[[Diarrhea]] | ||
* | *Uncommon symptoms include: | ||
:*[[Petechial]] [[hemorrhage]] | :*[[Petechial]] [[hemorrhage]] | ||
:*[[Skin rash]] | :*[[Skin rash]] | ||
| Line 43: | Line 42: | ||
:*[[Myalgia]] (only in cases of severe high-grade [[fever]]) | :*[[Myalgia]] (only in cases of severe high-grade [[fever]]) | ||
===Atypical | ====Atypical Rare Presentations==== | ||
* | *Neurological involvement: | ||
:*[[Encephalitis physical examination|Encephalitis]] | :*[[Encephalitis physical examination|Encephalitis]] | ||
:*[[Aseptic meningitis]] | :*[[Aseptic meningitis]] | ||
:*[[Transverse myelitis]] | :*[[Transverse myelitis]] | ||
| Line 51: | Line 50: | ||
:*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome physical examination|Guillain-Barré syndrome]] | :*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome physical examination|Guillain-Barré syndrome]] | ||
* | *Cardiac involvement: | ||
:*[[Myocarditis physical examination|Myocarditis]] | :*[[Myocarditis physical examination|Myocarditis]] | ||
* | *Abdominal involvement: | ||
:*[[Pancreatitis]] | :*[[Pancreatitis]] | ||
:*[[Cholecystitis physical examination|Acalculous cholecystitis]] | :*[[Cholecystitis physical examination|Acalculous cholecystitis]] | ||
:*[[Mesenteric adenitis]] | :*[[Mesenteric adenitis]] | ||
:*[[Glomerulonephritis]] | :*[[Glomerulonephritis]] | ||
==Chronic EBV Infection | ===Chronic EBV Infection=== | ||
*The course of the disease can also be chronic presenting with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] which is a variant of mononucleosis | *The course of the disease can also be chronic presenting with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] which is a variant of mononucleosis | ||
*Symptoms of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] include: | *Symptoms of [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] include: | ||
:*[[Fever]] | :*[[Fever]] | ||
:*[[Lethargy| | :*[[Lethargy|Tiredness]] | ||
:*[[fatigue|Abnormal fatigue]] | :*[[fatigue|Abnormal fatigue]] | ||
:*[[Depression]] | :*[[Depression]] | ||
:*[[Lethargy]] | :*[[Lethargy]] | ||
:*[[lymphadenopathy|Chronic lymph node swelling]] | :*[[lymphadenopathy|Chronic lymph node swelling]] | ||
*However, the above mentioned symptoms need to be present for months or years to be classified as [[EBV|chronic EBV syndrome]] or [[chronic fatigue syndrome]]. | |||
*[[ | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] | |||
[[Category:Lymphocytes]] | |||
[[Category:Viral diseases]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:06, 18 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands. Sometimes, a splenomegaly or hepatomegaly may develop. Heart problems or involvement of the central nervous system occurs only rarely, and infectious mononucleosis is almost never fatal. There are no known associations between active EBV infection and problems during pregnancy, such as miscarriages or birth defects. Although the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis usually resolve in 1 or 2 months, EBV remains dormant or latent in a few cells in the throat and blood for the rest of the person's life. Periodically, the virus can reactivate and is commonly found in the saliva of infected persons. This reactivation usually occurs without symptoms of illness.
History and Symptoms
Active EBV Infection
Asymptomatic
- In small children, the course of the disease is frequently asymptomatic.
- Majority of adults infected with mono also remain asymptomatic with serological evidence of past infection.
Initial Prodrome
- Incubation period: 1-2 months
- Common symptoms include:
- Low-grade fever without chills is seen in nearly all cases
- Sore throat: white patches on the tonsils and back of the throat are often seen
- Muscle weakness and sometime extreme fatigue
- Tender lymphadenopathy, particularly the posterior cervical lymph nodes are involved
- Other symptoms that have been described in patients with EBV infection include:
- Unable to swallow due to enlarged tonsils
- Dry cough
- Loss of appetite
- Anorexia
- Nausea without vomiting
- Abdominal pain- a possible symptom of a potentially fatal rupture of the spleen.[1]
- Diarrhea
- Uncommon symptoms include:
- Headache
- Depression
- Dizziness or disorientation
- Uncontrolled shaking at times
- Myalgia (only in cases of severe high-grade fever)
Atypical Rare Presentations
- Neurological involvement:
- Cardiac involvement:
- Abdominal involvement:
Chronic EBV Infection
- The course of the disease can also be chronic presenting with chronic fatigue syndrome which is a variant of mononucleosis
- Symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome include:
- However, the above mentioned symptoms need to be present for months or years to be classified as chronic EBV syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome.
References
- ↑ Chapman AL, Watkin R, Ellis CJ (2002). "Abdominal pain in acute infectious mononucleosis". BMJ. 324 (7338): 660–1. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7338.660. PMID 11895827.