Mitral stenosis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
In developed countries, the [[prevalence]] of mitral stenosis continues to decline as the prevalence of rheumatic fever declines. Currently, the estimated incidence in the United States is 1:100,000. The incidence in higher in developing countries.
The [[prevalence]] of mitral stenosis is approximately 1 per 100,000 in developed countries. The [[prevalence]] of mitral stenosis continues to decline as the prevalence of [[rheumatic fever]] declines. Currently, the estimated [[incidence]] in the United States is 1:100,000. The [[incidence]] in higher in developing countries.


== Epidemiology and Demographics ==
== Epidemiology and Demographics ==
===Prevalence===
*The [[prevalence]] of [[Rheumatology|rheumatic]] (the main cause of MS) mitral stenosis is approximately 1 per 100,000 in developed countries. The [[prevalence]] of mitral stenosis continues to decline as the prevalence of [[rheumatic fever]] declines. Currently, the estimated [[incidence]] in the United States is 1:100,000. The [[incidence]] in higher in developing countries.


===Age===
===Age===
[[Rheumatic fever]] is a disease of childhood. Mitral stenosis usually becomes symptomatic in the third or fourth decade of life.
 
* [[Rheumatic fever]] is a disease of childhood. Mitral stenosis usually becomes symptomatic in the third or fourth decade of life.<ref name="pmid24986049">{{cite journal| author=Iung B, Vahanian A| title=Epidemiology of acquired valvular heart disease. | journal=Can J Cardiol | year= 2014 | volume= 30 | issue= 9 | pages= 962-70 | pmid=24986049 | doi=10.1016/j.cjca.2014.03.022 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24986049  }} </ref>


===Gender===
===Gender===
Though [[rheumatic fever]] occurs in equal numbers in males and females, two thirds of all patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis are females.<ref name="pmid16825001">{{cite journal| author=Movahed MR, Ahmadi-Kashani M, Kasravi B, Saito Y| title=Increased prevalence of mitral stenosis in women. | journal=J Am Soc Echocardiogr | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 7 | pages= 911-3 | pmid=16825001 | doi=10.1016/j.echo.2006.01.017 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16825001  }} </ref>


===Developed countries===
* Although [[rheumatic fever]] occurs in equal numbers in males and females, two thirds of all patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis are females.<ref name="pmid16825001">{{cite journal| author=Movahed MR, Ahmadi-Kashani M, Kasravi B, Saito Y| title=Increased prevalence of mitral stenosis in women. | journal=J Am Soc Echocardiogr | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 7 | pages= 911-3 | pmid=16825001 | doi=10.1016/j.echo.2006.01.017 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16825001  }} </ref>
*Despite a decline in [[rheumatic fever]], [[rheumatic disease]] remains the major cause of mitral valve stenosis. The prevalence of rheumatic disease in developed nations is steadily declining. In United States the prevalence rate is less than 5 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid21386976">{{cite journal| author=Seckeler MD, Hoke TR| title=The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. | journal=Clin Epidemiol | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue=  | pages= 67-84 | pmid=21386976 | doi=10.2147/CLEP.S12977 | pmc=PMC3046187 | url= }} </ref> This could be attributed to the introduction of [[penicillin]] or a change in the [[virulence]] of the [[Streptococcus#Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci|Streptococcus]].  
 
===Developed Countries===
*Despite a decline in [[rheumatic fever]], [[rheumatic disease]] remains the major cause of mitral valve stenosis. The [[prevalence]] of rheumatic disease in developed nations is steadily declining. In United States the [[prevalence]] rate is less than 5 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="pmid21386976">{{cite journal| author=Seckeler MD, Hoke TR| title=The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. | journal=Clin Epidemiol | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue=  | pages= 67-84 | pmid=21386976 | doi=10.2147/CLEP.S12977 | pmc=PMC3046187 | url= }} </ref> This could be attributed to the introduction of [[penicillin]] or a change in the [[virulence]] of the [[Streptococcus#Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci|Streptococcus]].
 
*In countries with low [[prevalence]] of rheumatic disease, mitral stenosis may be congenital.<ref name="pmid18820172">{{cite journal| author=Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC, Faxon DP, Freed MD et al.| title=2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. | journal=Circulation | year= 2008 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= e523-661 | pmid=18820172 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190748 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18820172  }} </ref> Though the [[incidence]] is low, these patients have high [[Mortality rate|mortality rates]].


*In countries with low prevalence of rheumatic disease, mitral stenosis may be congenital.<ref name="pmid18820172">{{cite journal| author=Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC, Faxon DP, Freed MD et al.| title=2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. | journal=Circulation | year= 2008 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= e523-661 | pmid=18820172 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190748 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18820172  }} </ref> Though the incidence is low, these patients have high mortality rates.
===Developing Countries===


===Developing countries===
* Developing countries have higher rates of [[rheumatic fever]] and consequently higher rates of [[mitral stenosis]] with prevalence of more than 10 cases per 1,000 in India and 4-10 cases per 1,000 in China, Russia, Africa, and Australia.<ref name="pmid21386976">{{cite journal| author=Seckeler MD, Hoke TR| title=The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. | journal=Clin Epidemiol | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue=  | pages= 67-84 | pmid=21386976 | doi=10.2147/CLEP.S12977 | pmc=PMC3046187 | url= }} </ref>
Developing countries have higher rates of [[rheumatic fever]] and consequently higher rates of [[mitral stenosis]] with prevalence of more than 10 cases per 1,000 in India and 4-10 cases per 1,000 in China, Russia, Africa and Australia.<ref name="pmid21386976">{{cite journal| author=Seckeler MD, Hoke TR| title=The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. | journal=Clin Epidemiol | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue=  | pages= 67-84 | pmid=21386976 | doi=10.2147/CLEP.S12977 | pmc=PMC3046187 | url= }} </ref>


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 19:58, 11 March 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.; Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.[2]

Overview

The prevalence of mitral stenosis is approximately 1 per 100,000 in developed countries. The prevalence of mitral stenosis continues to decline as the prevalence of rheumatic fever declines. Currently, the estimated incidence in the United States is 1:100,000. The incidence in higher in developing countries.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

  • The prevalence of rheumatic (the main cause of MS) mitral stenosis is approximately 1 per 100,000 in developed countries. The prevalence of mitral stenosis continues to decline as the prevalence of rheumatic fever declines. Currently, the estimated incidence in the United States is 1:100,000. The incidence in higher in developing countries.

Age

  • Rheumatic fever is a disease of childhood. Mitral stenosis usually becomes symptomatic in the third or fourth decade of life.[1]

Gender

  • Although rheumatic fever occurs in equal numbers in males and females, two thirds of all patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis are females.[2]

Developed Countries

Developing Countries

  • Developing countries have higher rates of rheumatic fever and consequently higher rates of mitral stenosis with prevalence of more than 10 cases per 1,000 in India and 4-10 cases per 1,000 in China, Russia, Africa, and Australia.[3]

References

  1. Iung B, Vahanian A (2014). "Epidemiology of acquired valvular heart disease". Can J Cardiol. 30 (9): 962–70. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.03.022. PMID 24986049.
  2. Movahed MR, Ahmadi-Kashani M, Kasravi B, Saito Y (2006). "Increased prevalence of mitral stenosis in women". J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 19 (7): 911–3. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2006.01.017. PMID 16825001.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Seckeler MD, Hoke TR (2011). "The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease". Clin Epidemiol. 3: 67–84. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S12977. PMC 3046187. PMID 21386976.
  4. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC, Faxon DP, Freed MD; et al. (2008). "2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Circulation. 118 (15): e523–661. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190748. PMID 18820172.

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