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'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Microsporidiosis|here]]''' | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Microsporidiosis|here]]''' | ||
{{Microsporidiosis (patient information)}} | |||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{AY}} | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Microsporidiosis is an infection caused by an organism called [[microsporidia]]. It usually affects [[immunocompromised]] individuals such as AIDS patients.Microsporidia can affect many systems but intestinal microsporidiosis is the most common form of the disease and causes [[diarrhea]] that can be chronic and | Microsporidiosis is an infection caused by an organism called [[microsporidia]]. It usually affects [[immunocompromised]] individuals such as [[AIDS]] patients. Microsporidia can affect many systems but intestinal microsporidiosis is the most common form of the disease and causes [[diarrhea]] that can be chronic and debilitating. It is diagnosed through examination of stool samples and other [[body fluids]]. Medical and supportive therapy are the treatment options and the prognosis is good unless the patient is [[immunocompromised]]. | ||
==What are the symptoms of Microsporidiosis?== | ==What are the symptoms of Microsporidiosis?== | ||
*Microsporidiosis usually affects people with [[Immunosuppression|depressed immunity]] especially people with [[HIV]]. | *Microsporidiosis usually affects people with [[Immunosuppression|depressed immunity]] especially people with [[HIV]]. | ||
*Microsporidia can affect many systems such as [[ | *Microsporidia can affect many systems such as [[gastrointestinal tract]] , [[eyes]], [[respiratory tract]] and [[urinary tract]]. | ||
*Intestinal microsporidiosis is the most common form of the disease. It usually causes [[chronic diarrhea]] which might be complicated with [[weight loss]], and [[vitamin deficiency]]. | *Intestinal microsporidiosis is the most common form of the disease. It usually causes [[chronic diarrhea]] which might be complicated with [[weight loss]], and [[vitamin deficiency]]. | ||
* | *Microsporidiosis might also affect the lungs causing [[cough]], [[fever]] and difficult breathing. | ||
*Ocular microsporidiosis presents with red painful eye and decreased acuity | *Ocular microsporidiosis presents with red painful eye and decreased vision acuity. | ||
*Microsporidia can spread throughout the body causing disease in the brain, | *Microsporidia can spread throughout the body causing disease in the [[brain]], [[urinary system]], [[Gallbladder|gall bladder]] and [[blood]]. | ||
==What causes Microsporidiosis?== | ==What causes Microsporidiosis?== | ||
* Microsporidiosis is caused by an organism called microsporidia. | * Microsporidiosis is caused by an organism called [[microsporidia]]. | ||
* Microsporidia are unicellular organisms and are [[Obligate intracellular parasite|obligatory intracellular]] meaning that it has to live inside the cell of the host to survive and multiply. | * Microsporidia are unicellular organisms and are [[Obligate intracellular parasite|obligatory intracellular]] meaning that it has to live inside the cell of the host to survive and multiply. | ||
* The exact method of transmission of microsporidia is not fully understood, but it is thought to be transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of the [[spores]] (which are the infective form of the disease). | * The exact method of transmission of microsporidia is not fully understood, but it is thought to be transmitted through [[inhalation]] or [[ingestion]] of the [[spores]] (which are the infective form of the disease). | ||
* When the organism lands inside the cell, it multiplies and eventually ruptures causing the release of [[spores]]. | * When the organism lands inside the cell, it multiplies and eventually ruptures causing the release of [[spores]]. | ||
==Who is at highest risk?== | ==Who is at highest risk?== | ||
* People with suppressed immunity such as [[HIV]] patients and cancer patients are the most at risk individuals to have microsporidiosis. | * People with suppressed immunity such as [[HIV]] patients and [[cancer]] patients are the most at risk individuals to have microsporidiosis. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
* | * Microsporidiosis is diagnosed through identification of the organism in the stool samples and other [[body fluid]] samples. | ||
* Identification of the specific species through examination of stool samples is not possible. | * Identification of the specific species through the examination of stool samples is not possible. | ||
* However it can be achieved using more advanced methods such as [[PCR]]. | * However it can be achieved using more advanced methods such as [[PCR]]. | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
* The treatment strategy focuses on supportive treatment to avoid complications and medical therapy. | * The treatment strategy focuses on supportive treatment to avoid [[complications]] and medical therapy. | ||
* [[Albendazole]] and | * [[Albendazole]] and [[fumagillin]] are the most two used drugs for microsporidiosis patients. | ||
* Patients with diarrhea should be properly rehydrated and supplemented with the essential nutrients to avoid malnutrition. | * Patients with diarrhea should be properly rehydrated and supplemented with the essential nutrients to avoid malnutrition. | ||
* Supporting the [[immune system]] in [[immunocompromised]] patients (ie giving [[AIDS antiretroviral drugs|highly active antiretroviral therapy]] to HIV patients) is important in treating the disease and preventing any recurrences. | * Supporting the [[immune system]] in [[immunocompromised]] patients (ie giving [[AIDS antiretroviral drugs|highly active antiretroviral therapy]] to [[HIV]] patients) is important in treating the disease and preventing any recurrences. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
* Maintaining the [[immune system]] intact in [[HIV]] patients through using [[AIDS antiretroviral drugs|antiretroviral drugs]] is the main preventive measure to avoid infection and recurrences. | * Maintaining the [[immune system]] intact in [[HIV]] patients through using [[AIDS antiretroviral drugs|antiretroviral drugs]] is the main preventive measure to avoid infection and recurrences. | ||
* Other preventive measures include hand washing, safe sex practices and avoiding possibly infected foods or drinks. | * Other preventive measures include [[hand washing]], [[safe sex]] practices and avoiding possibly infected foods or drinks. | ||
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ||
* In healthy individuals, the prognosis is good and the disease is self limiting. | * In healthy individuals, the prognosis is good and the disease is self-limiting. | ||
* In immunocompromised individuals, the disease is more dangerous and can be fatal. | * In [[immunocompromised]] individuals, the disease is more dangerous and can be fatal. | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | |||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:43, 29 July 2020
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
|
Microsporidiosis |
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Microsporidiosis On the Web |
|---|
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Microsporidiosis is an infection caused by an organism called microsporidia. It usually affects immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS patients. Microsporidia can affect many systems but intestinal microsporidiosis is the most common form of the disease and causes diarrhea that can be chronic and debilitating. It is diagnosed through examination of stool samples and other body fluids. Medical and supportive therapy are the treatment options and the prognosis is good unless the patient is immunocompromised.
What are the symptoms of Microsporidiosis?
- Microsporidiosis usually affects people with depressed immunity especially people with HIV.
- Microsporidia can affect many systems such as gastrointestinal tract , eyes, respiratory tract and urinary tract.
- Intestinal microsporidiosis is the most common form of the disease. It usually causes chronic diarrhea which might be complicated with weight loss, and vitamin deficiency.
- Microsporidiosis might also affect the lungs causing cough, fever and difficult breathing.
- Ocular microsporidiosis presents with red painful eye and decreased vision acuity.
- Microsporidia can spread throughout the body causing disease in the brain, urinary system, gall bladder and blood.
What causes Microsporidiosis?
- Microsporidiosis is caused by an organism called microsporidia.
- Microsporidia are unicellular organisms and are obligatory intracellular meaning that it has to live inside the cell of the host to survive and multiply.
- The exact method of transmission of microsporidia is not fully understood, but it is thought to be transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of the spores (which are the infective form of the disease).
- When the organism lands inside the cell, it multiplies and eventually ruptures causing the release of spores.
Who is at highest risk?
- People with suppressed immunity such as HIV patients and cancer patients are the most at risk individuals to have microsporidiosis.
Diagnosis
- Microsporidiosis is diagnosed through identification of the organism in the stool samples and other body fluid samples.
- Identification of the specific species through the examination of stool samples is not possible.
- However it can be achieved using more advanced methods such as PCR.
Treatment options
- The treatment strategy focuses on supportive treatment to avoid complications and medical therapy.
- Albendazole and fumagillin are the most two used drugs for microsporidiosis patients.
- Patients with diarrhea should be properly rehydrated and supplemented with the essential nutrients to avoid malnutrition.
- Supporting the immune system in immunocompromised patients (ie giving highly active antiretroviral therapy to HIV patients) is important in treating the disease and preventing any recurrences.
Prevention
- Maintaining the immune system intact in HIV patients through using antiretroviral drugs is the main preventive measure to avoid infection and recurrences.
- Other preventive measures include hand washing, safe sex practices and avoiding possibly infected foods or drinks.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
- In healthy individuals, the prognosis is good and the disease is self-limiting.
- In immunocompromised individuals, the disease is more dangerous and can be fatal.