Mesenteric ischemia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
The following conditions pose a significant risk towards the development of mesenteric ischemia either by interrupting the blood flow through the artery or vein supplying the small intestine (e.g.thromboemboli) or by reducing the blood supply (e.g. vasoconstriction). Also, there are certain life-style related risk factors which predominantly cause mesenteric ischemia in the older age group. <ref name="pmid10917470">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J| title=Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass. | journal=Am Surg | year= 2000 | volume= 66 | issue= 7 | pages= 623-6 | pmid=10917470 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10917470 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9746774">{{cite journal| author=Martinelli I, Mannucci PM, De Stefano V, Taioli E, Rossi V, Crosti F et al.| title=Different risks of thrombosis in four coagulation defects associated with inherited thrombophilia: a study of 150 families. | journal=Blood | year= 1998 | volume= 92 | issue= 7 | pages= 2353-8 | pmid=9746774 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9746774 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16476108">{{cite journal| author=Acosta S, Ogren M, Sternby NH, Bergqvist D, Björck M| title=Fatal nonocclusive mesenteric ischaemia: population-based incidence and risk factors. | journal=J Intern Med | year= 2006 | volume= 259 | issue= 3 | pages= 305-13 | pmid=16476108 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01613.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16476108 }} </ref> | The following conditions pose a significant risk towards the development of mesenteric ischemia either by interrupting the blood flow through the artery or vein supplying the small intestine (e.g.thromboemboli) or by reducing the blood supply (e.g. vasoconstriction). Also, there are certain life-style related risk factors which predominantly cause mesenteric ischemia in the older age group. <ref name="pmid10917470">{{cite journal| author=Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J| title=Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass. | journal=Am Surg | year= 2000 | volume= 66 | issue= 7 | pages= 623-6 | pmid=10917470 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10917470 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9746774">{{cite journal| author=Martinelli I, Mannucci PM, De Stefano V, Taioli E, Rossi V, Crosti F et al.| title=Different risks of thrombosis in four coagulation defects associated with inherited thrombophilia: a study of 150 families. | journal=Blood | year= 1998 | volume= 92 | issue= 7 | pages= 2353-8 | pmid=9746774 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9746774 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16476108">{{cite journal| author=Acosta S, Ogren M, Sternby NH, Bergqvist D, Björck M| title=Fatal nonocclusive mesenteric ischaemia: population-based incidence and risk factors. | journal=J Intern Med | year= 2006 | volume= 259 | issue= 3 | pages= 305-13 | pmid=16476108 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01613.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16476108 }} </ref> | ||
Venous thrombosis is more frequently seen in women and arterial thrombosis is more commonly seen in men.<ref name="pmid11407335">{{cite journal| author=Endean ED, Barnes SL, Kwolek CJ, Minion DJ, Schwarcz TH, Mentzer RM| title=Surgical management of thrombotic acute intestinal ischemia. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 2001 | volume= 233 | issue= 6 | pages= 801-8 | pmid=11407335 | doi= | pmc=1421323 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11407335 }} </ref><ref name="CorcosNuzzo2013">{{cite journal|last1=Corcos|first1=Olivier|last2=Nuzzo|first2=Alexandre|title=Gastro-Intestinal Vascular Emergencies|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology|volume=27|issue=5|year=2013|pages=709–725|issn=15216918|doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2013.08.006}}</ref> | |||
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! colspan="3" |Risk factors | ! colspan="3" |Risk factors | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
The following conditions pose a significant risk towards the development of mesenteric ischemia either by interrupting the blood flow through the artery or vein supplying the small intestine (e.g.thromboemboli) or by reducing the blood supply (e.g. vasoconstriction). Also, there are certain life-style related risk factors which predominantly cause mesenteric ischemia in the older age group. [1][2][3] Venous thrombosis is more frequently seen in women and arterial thrombosis is more commonly seen in men.[4][5]
| Risk factors | ||
|---|---|---|
| Occlusive | Embolic | Atrial fibrillation |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | ||
| Valvular heart disease | ||
| Infective endocarditis | ||
| Recent myocardial infarction | ||
| Ventricular aneurysm | ||
| Aortic atherosclerosis | ||
| Thrombotic | Advanced age | |
| Low cardiac output states | ||
| Peripheral arterial disease | ||
| Traumatic injury | ||
Inherited thrombophilia-
| ||
| Acquired thrombophilia- malignancy, oral contraceptives intake. | ||
| Non-occlusive | Heart failure | |
| Aortic insufficiency | ||
| Septic shock | ||
| Vasoconstrictive drugs: | ||
| Cocaine abuse or ergot poisoning | ||
| Hemodialysis | ||
| Other causes | Lifestyle related risk factors:
Less common risk factors:
| |
- Common risk factors in the development of mesenteric ischemia include:
- Occlusive causes
- Embolic causes:[1]
- Atrial fibrillation
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Valvular heart diseases
- Infective endocarditis
- Recent myocardial infarction
- Ventricular aneurysm
- Aortic atherosclerosis
- Aortic aneurysm
- Thrombotic causes:[2]
- Advanced age
- Low cardiac output states
- Traumatic injury
- Peripheral artery disease
- Occlusive causes
- Non-occlusive causes:[3]
- Heart failure
- Aortic insufficiency
- Septic shock
- Vasoconstrictive drugs(e.g. Digoxin, alpha-adrenergic agonists)
- Cocaine abuse or ergot poisoning
- Hemodialysis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J (2000). "Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass". Am Surg. 66 (7): 623–6. PMID 10917470.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Martinelli I, Mannucci PM, De Stefano V, Taioli E, Rossi V, Crosti F; et al. (1998). "Different risks of thrombosis in four coagulation defects associated with inherited thrombophilia: a study of 150 families". Blood. 92 (7): 2353–8. PMID 9746774.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Acosta S, Ogren M, Sternby NH, Bergqvist D, Björck M (2006). "Fatal nonocclusive mesenteric ischaemia: population-based incidence and risk factors". J Intern Med. 259 (3): 305–13. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01613.x. PMID 16476108.
- ↑ Endean ED, Barnes SL, Kwolek CJ, Minion DJ, Schwarcz TH, Mentzer RM (2001). "Surgical management of thrombotic acute intestinal ischemia". Ann Surg. 233 (6): 801–8. PMC 1421323. PMID 11407335.
- ↑ Corcos, Olivier; Nuzzo, Alexandre (2013). "Gastro-Intestinal Vascular Emergencies". Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 27 (5): 709–725. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2013.08.006. ISSN 1521-6918.