Mental retardation diagnostic study of choice

Revision as of 00:50, 7 July 2021 by Homa Najafi (talk | contribs)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Mental retardation Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mental retardation from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Mental retardation diagnostic study of choice On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Mental retardation diagnostic study of choice

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Mental retardation diagnostic study of choice

CDC on Mental retardation diagnostic study of choice

Mental retardation diagnostic study of choice in the news

Blogs on Mental retardation diagnostic study of choice

Directions to Hospitals Treating Mental retardation

Risk calculators and risk factors for Mental retardation diagnostic study of choice

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chelsea Mae Nobleza, M.D.[2] Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]

Overview

Diagnostic Study of Choice

Study of choice

[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].

OR

The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]:

  • [Result 1]
  • [Result 2]

OR

[Name of the investigation] must be performed when:

  • The patient presents with [symptom/sign 1], [symptom/sign 2], and [symptom/sign 3].
  • A [name of test] is positive for [sign 1], [sign 2], and [sign 3] in the patient.

OR

[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].

OR

The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].

OR

There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].

OR

There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].

OR

[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on the clinical presentation.

OR

Investigations:

  • Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
  • Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
  • Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.

The comparison of various diagnostic studies for [disease name]

Test Sensitivity Specificity
Test 1 ...% ...%
Test 2 ...% ...%

[Name of test with higher sensitivity and specificity] is the preferred investigation based on the sensitivity and specificity

Diagnostic results

The following finding(s) on performing [investigation name] is(are) confirmatory for [disease name]:

  • [Finding 1]
  • [Finding 2]
Sequence of Diagnostic Studies

The [name of investigation] must be performed when:

  • The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
  • A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.

OR

The various investigations must be performed in the following order:

  • [Initial investigation]
  • [2nd investigation]

Name of Diagnostic Criteria

It is recommended that you include the criteria in a table. Make sure you always cite the source of the content and whether the table has been adapted from another source.

[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on clinical presentation. There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].

OR

There is no single diagnostic study of choice for [disease name], though [disease name] may be diagnosed based on [name of criteria] established by [...].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

[Disease name] may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following criteria are met:

  • Criteria 1
  • Criteria 2
  • Criteria 3

OR

IF there are clear, established diagnostic criteria

The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

IF there are no established diagnostic criteria

There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].

Diagnostic Criteria

DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Intellectual Disability[1]

Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) is a disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. The following three criteria must be met:

  • A. Deficits in intellectual functions, such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience, confirmed by both clinical assessment and individualized, standardized intelligence testing.

AND

  • B. Deficits in adaptive functioning that result in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility. Without ongoing support, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life, such as communication, social participation, and independent living, across multiple environments, such as home, school, work, and community.

AND

  • C. Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period.

Note: The diagnostic term intellectual disability is the equivalent term for the ICD-11 diagnosis of intellectual developmental disorders. Although the term intellectual disability is used throughout this manual, both terms are used in the title to clarify relationships with other classification systems. Moreover, a federal statute in the United States (Public Law 111-256, Rosa’s Law) replaces the term mental retardation with intellectual disability, and research journals use the term intellectual disability. Thus, intellectual disability is the term in common use by medical, educational, and other professions and by the lay public and advocacy groups.

Unspecified Intellectual Disability

Unspecified intellectual disability refers to intellectual disability that is difficult to evaluate among individuals > 5 years of age. Subjects with unspecified intellectual disability should be reassessed at a later time. The difficulty to assess the extent of the intellectual disability can be due to one or more of the following conditions:[2]

  • Sensory impairment
  • Physical impairment
  • Locomotor disability
  • Severe behavioral problem
  • Coexisting mental disorder

References

  1. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
  2. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.