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| {{DrugProjectFormSinglePage | | {{drugbox |
| |authorTag={{KS}} | | | IUPAC_name = 2-sec-butyl-2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl dicarbamate |
| |genericName=meprobamate | | | image = |
| |aOrAn=an | | | CAS_number = 64-55-1 |
| |drugClass=anti anxiety drug | | | ATC_prefix = N05 |
| |indicationType=treatment | | | ATC_suffix = BC04 |
| |indication=[[anxiety]] | | | PubChem = 6151 |
| |adverseReactions=[[diarrhea]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[drowsiness]], [[ataxia]], [[dizziness]], [[slurred speech]], [[headache]], [[vertigo]],[[palpitation]] and [[tachycardia]] | | | DrugBank = |
| |blackBoxWarningTitle=<span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span> | | | C=10|H=20|N=2|O=4 |
| |blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span></i> | | | molecular_weight = 232.277 g/mol |
| | | | bioavailability = |
| * Content
| | | protein_bound = |
| | | | metabolism = |
| <!--Adult Indications and Dosage-->
| | | elimination_half-life = |
| | | | excretion = |
| <!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
| | | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> |
| |fdaLIADAdult===Indications== | | | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X --> |
| | | | pregnancy_category= |
| * Meprobamate tablets are indicated for the management of [[anxiety disorder]]s or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety.Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usuallydo not require treatment with an anxiolytic.
| | | legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S3 / S4 / S5 / S6 / S7 / S8 / S9 --> |
| | | | legal_CA = <!-- / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> |
| * The effectiveness of meprobamate tablets in long-term use, that is,more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinicalstudies. The physician should periodically reassess the usefulness ofthe drug for the individual patient.
| | | legal_UK = <!-- GSL / P / POM / CD / Class A, B, C --> |
| | | | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> |
| ==Dosage== | | | legal_status = |
| * Meprobamate Tablets USP: The usual adult daily dosage is 1200 mgto 1600 mg, in three or four divided doses; adaily dosage above 2400mg is not recommended.
| | | routes_of_administration = |
| |offLabelAdultGuideSupport=* There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients. | |
| |offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=* There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients. | |
| |fdaLIADPed===Indications== | |
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| * Meprobamate tablets are indicated for the management of [[anxiety disorder]]s or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety.Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usuallydo not require treatment with an anxiolytic.
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| * The effectiveness of meprobamate tablets in long-term use, that is,more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinicalstudies. The physician should periodically reassess the usefulness ofthe drug for the individual patient.
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| |offLabelPedGuideSupport=* There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients. | |
| |offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=* There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients. | |
| |contraindications=* Acute intermittent porphyria as well as allergic or idiosyncraticreactions to meprobamate or related compounds such ascarisoprodol, mebutamate, tybamate, or carbromal. | |
| |warnings='''Drug Dependence''' | |
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| * Physical dependence, psychological dependence, and abuse haveoccurred. When chronic intoxication from prolonged use occurs, itusually involves ingestion of greater than recommended doses and ismanifested by ataxia, slurred speech, and vertigo. Therefore, carefulsupervision of dose and amounts prescribed is advised, as well asavoidance of prolonged administration, especially for alcoholics andother patients with a known propensity for taking excessive quantitiesof drugs.
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| * Sudden withdrawal of the drug after prolonged and excessive use mayprecipitate recurrence of pre-existing symptoms such as anxiety,anorexia, insomnia, or withdrawal reactions such as vomiting, ataxia,tremors, muscle twitching, confusional states, hallucinosis, andrarely, convulsive seizures. Such seizures are more likely to occur inpersons with central nervous system damage or pre-existent or latentconvulsive disorders. Onset of withdrawal symptoms occurs usuallywithin 12 to 48 hours after discontinuation of meprobamate;symptoms usually cease within the next 12 to 48 hours.
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| When excessive dosage has continued for weeks or months, dosageshould be reduced gradually over a period of one or two weeks ratherthan abruptly stopped.
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| * Alternatively, a long-acting barbiturate may besubstituted, then gradually withdrawn.
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| '''Potentially Hazardous Tasks'''
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| * Patients should be warned that meprobamate may impair the mentaland/or physical abilities required for performance of potentiallyhazardous tasks such as driving or operating machinery.
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| '''Additive Effects'''
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| * Since the effects of meprobamate and alcohol or meprobamate andother CNS depressants or psychotropic drugs may be additive,appropriate caution should be exercised with patients who take morethan one of these agents simultaneously.
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| Usage in Pregnancy and Lactation
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| * An increased risk of congenital malformations associated with theuse of minor tranquilizers (meprobamate, chlordiazepoxide anddiazepam) during the first trimester of pregnancy has beensuggested in several studies. Because use of these drugs is rarelya matter of urgency, their use during this period should almostalways be avoided. The possibility that a woman of childbearingpotential may be pregnant at the time of institution of therapyshould be considered. Patients should be advised that if they become pregnant during therapy or intend to become pregnant theyshould communicate with their physician about the desirability ofdiscontinuing the drug.
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| * Meprobamate passes the placental barrier. It is present both inumbilical cord blood at or near maternal plasma levels and inbreast milk of lactating mothers at concentrations two to four timesthat of maternal plasma. When use of meprobamate iscontemplated in breastfeeding patients, the drug's higherconcentration in breast milk as compared to maternal plasmashould be considered.
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| '''Usage in Children'''
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| * Meprobamate tablets should not be administered to children underage six, since there is a lack of documented evidence for safety andeffectiveness in this age group.
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| |clinicalTrials='''Central Nervous System'''
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| * [[Drowsiness]], [[ataxia]], [[dizziness]], [[slurred speech]], [[headache]], [[vertigo]], [[weakness]], [[paresthesias]], impairment of visual accommodation,[[euphoria]], overstimulation, paradoxical excitement, fast EEG activity.
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| '''Gastrointestinal'''
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| * [[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]].
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| '''Cardiovascular'''
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| * [[Palpitation]], [[tachycardia]], various forms of [[arrhythmia]], transient ECGchanges, [[syncope]]; also hypotensive crisis (including one fatal case).
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| '''Allergic or Idiosyncratic'''
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| * Allergic or idiosyncratic reactions are usually seen within the period ofthe first to fourth dose in patients having had no previous contact withthe drug. Milder reactions are characterized by an [[itchy]], [[urticarial]], or [[erythematous maculopapular rash]] which may be generalized orconfined to the groin. Other reactions have included leukopenia, acute non [[thrombocytopenic purpura]], [[petechiae]], [[ecchymoses]], [[eosinophilia]],[[peripheral edema]], adenopathy, [[fever]], fixed drug eruption with crossreaction to carisoprodol, and cross sensitivity betweenmeprobamate/mebutamate and meprobamate/carbromal.
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| * More severe hypersensitivity reactions, rarely reported, include hyperpyrexia, [[chills]], [[angioneurotic edema]], [[bronchospasm]], [[oliguria]] and [[anuria]]. Also, [[anaphylaxis]], [[erythema multiforme]], [[exfoliative dermatitis]], [[stomatitis]], [[proctitis]], [[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]] and [[bullous dermatitis]], including one fatal case of the latter followingadministration of meprobamate in combination with prednisolone.
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| * In case of allergic or idiosyncratic reactions to meprobamate,discontinue the drug and initiate appropriate symptomatic therapy,which may include epinephrine, antihistamines, and in severe cases,corticosteroids. In evaluating possible allergic reactions, also considerallergy to excipients.
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| '''Hematologic'''
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| * [[Agranulocytosis]] and [[aplastic anemia]] have been reported. These cases rarely were fatal. Rare casesof [[thrombocytopenic purpura]] have been reported.
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| '''Other'''
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| * Exacerbation of porphyric symptoms.
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| |postmarketing=* There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| |useInPregnancyFDA=* '''Pregnancy Category''' | |
| |useInPregnancyAUS=* There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
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| |useInLaborDelivery=* There is no FDA guidance on use of {{PAGENAME}} during labor and delivery.
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| |useInNursing=* There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to nursing mothers.
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| |useInPed=* There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
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| |useInGeri=* There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to geriatric patients.
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| |useInGender=* There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific gender populations.
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| |useInRace=* There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
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| |useInRenalImpair=* There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
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| |useInHepaticImpair=* There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
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| |useInReproPotential=* There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
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| |useInImmunocomp=* There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.
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| |administration=* Oral
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| |monitoring=* There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| |overdose=* Suicidal attempts with meprobamate have resulted in drowsiness,lethargy, stupor, ataxia, coma, shock, vasomotor, and respiratorycollapse. Some suicidal attempts have been fatal.
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| * The following data on meprobamate tablets have been reported in theliterature and from other sources. These data are not expected tocorrelate with each case (considering factors such as individual susceptibility and length of time from ingestion to treatment), butrepresent the usual ranges reported.
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| '''Acute simple overdose'''
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| * Death has beenreported with ingestion of as little as 12 g meprobamate and survivalwith as much as 40 g.
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| '''Blood levels'''
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| * 0.5-2 mg% represents the usual blood level range of meprobamateafter therapeutic doses. The level may occasionally be as high as 3mg%.
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| * 3-10 mg% usually corresponds to findings of mild to moderatesymptoms of overdosage, such as stupor or light coma.
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| * 10-20 mg% usually corresponds to deeper coma, requiring moreintensive treatment. Some fatalities occur.
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| * At levels greater than 20 mg%, more fatalities than survivals can beexpected.
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| '''Acute combined overdose'''
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| * (Meprobamate with alcohol or other CNSdepressants or psychotropic drugs): Since effects can be additive, ahistory of ingestion of a low dose of meprobamate plus any of thesecompounds (or of a relative low blood or tissue level) cannot be usedas a prognostic indicator.
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| * In cases where excessive doses have been taken, sleep ensues rapidlyand blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rates are reduced to basallevels. Any drug remaining in the stomach should be removed andsymptomatic therapy given. Should respiration or blood pressurebecome compromised, respiratory assistance, central nervous systemstimulants, and pressor agents should be administered cautiously asindicated. Meprobamate is metabolized in the liver and excreted by thekidney. Diuresis, osmotic (mannitol) diuresis, peritoneal dialysis, andhemodialysis have been used successfully. Careful monitoring ofurinary output is necessary and caution should be taken to avoidoverhydration. Relapse and death, after initial recovery, have beenattributed to incomplete gastric emptying and delayed absorption.Meprobamate can be measured in biological fluids by two methods:colorimetric (Hoffman, A.J. and Ludwig, B.J.: J Amer Pharm Assn 48:740, 1959) and gas chromatographic.
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| |drugBox=[[File:Mebutamate pharmacology.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]] | |
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| |structure=* Meprobamate is awhite powder with a characteristic odor and a bittertaste. It is slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in acetone andalcohol, and sparingly soluble in ether. The structural formula of meprobamate is:
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| [[File:Meprobamate Tablets.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
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| * C9H18N2O4 M.W.218.25
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| * Meprobamate Tablets USP 200 mg and 400 mg for oral administrationcontain the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose,sodium starch glycolate, pre-gelatinized starch, colloidal silicondioxide, stearic acid and magnesium stearate.
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| |PD=* There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacodynamics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| |PK=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacokinetics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| |nonClinToxic=* There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| |clinicalStudies=* There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| |howSupplied=* Meprobamate Tablets USP 200 mg are white, round, biconvex tabletsdebossed with I and 7 on one side and bisect on the other.
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| :*Supplied in bottles of 100 and 1000.
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| :*Bottles of 100: NDC 55111-640-01
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| :*Bottles of 1000: NDC 55111-640-10
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| * Meprobamate Tablets USP 400 mg are white, round, biconvex tabletsdebossed with I and 4 on one side and bisect on the other.
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| * Supplied in bottles of 100 and 500.
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| :*Bottles of 100: NDC 55111-641-01
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| :*Bottles of 500: NDC 55111-641-05
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| * Dispense in well-closed container with child-resistant closure.
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| |storage=* Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) | |
| |fdaPatientInfo=There is limited information regarding <i>Patient Counseling Information</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
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| |alcohol=* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
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| |brandNames=* MEPROBAMATE ®<ref>{{Cite web | title =MEPROBAMATE- meprobamate tablet | url =http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=d6fa7f20-5125-ff79-4e8d-00542a13472a&type=display }}</ref>
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| |drugShortage= | |
| }}
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| {{PillImage
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| {{LabelImage
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| |fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png
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| {{LabelImage
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| |fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png | |
| }} | | }} |
| <!--Pill Image--> | | '''Mebutamate''' is a [[sedative]] and [[anxiolytic]] drug with anti-[[hypertension|hypertensive]] (blood pressure lowering) effects. It has effects comparable to those of [[barbiturates]] such as [[secobarbital]], but is only around 1/3rd the potency of secobarbital as a sedative. Side effects include [[dizziness]] and [[headaches]].<ref>[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/pagerender.fcgi?artid=1923261&pageindex=1#page Tetreault L, Richer P, Bordeleau JM. Hypnotic properties of mebutamate: a comparative study of mebutamate, secobarbital and placebo in psychiatric patients. ''Canadian Medical Association Journal''. 1967 Aug 19;97(8):395-8.]</ref> |
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| <!--Label Display Image--> | |
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| | == References == |
| | {{reflist|2}} |
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| <!--Category-->
| | * The Merck Index, 12th Edition. 5813 |
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| [[Category:Drug]]
| | {{pharmacology-stub}} |
| | {{Anxiolytics}} |
| | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |