Listeriosis epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

About 1,600 cases annually in the United States. Incidence is 0.44 cases per 100,000 population. Pregnant women account for 30% of all cases. Of all nonperinatal infections, 70% occur in immunocompromised patients.

Compared to 1996-1998, the incidence of listeriosis had declined by about 38% by 2003. However, illnesses and deaths continue to occur. On average from 1998-2008, 2.4 outbreaks per year were reported to CDC. Before 2011, the largest outbreak occurred in 2002, when 54 illnesses, 8 deaths, and 3 fetal deaths in 9 states were found to be associated with consumption of contaminated turkey deli meat.

Researchers have found L. monocytogenes in at least 37 mammalian species, both domesticated and feral, as well as in at least 17 species of birds and possibly in some species of fish and shellfish. Laboratories can isolate L. monocytogenes from soil, silage, and other environmental sources. L. monocytogenes is quite hardy and resists the deleterious effects of freezing, drying, and heat remarkably well for a bacterium that does not form spores. Most L. monocytogenes are pathogenic to some degree.

The average annual incidence in the United States was 0.29 cases per 100,000 population for 2009—2011

Age

Listeriosis occurs more frequently in the elderly.

Geographical Distribution

Listeriosis has a worldwide distribution, with sporadic incidence.

References

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