Listeriosis differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Differential Diagnosis

The diagnosis of listeriosis should be considered in the following illnesses:

• Febrile gastroenteritis from food born outbreaks, with unidentified pathogen by routine cultures
• Neonatal sepsis or meningitis
• Parenchymal brain infections or meningitis in the following patients:

• HIV
• Hematological malignancies
• History of organ transplant
• Treatment with corticosteroids
• Adults older than 50 years of age

• Concomitant meningeal infection and of the brain parenchyma
• Subcortical brain abscess
• Fever during the 3rd trimester of fever
• Identification of diphtheroids on:

• Blood cultures
• Gram stain
• CSF