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{{Listeriosis}}
{{Listeriosis}}
{{Seealso|Listeria monocytogenes|Listeria ivanovii}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
 
Listeriosis may be classified according to the clinical syndrome into the following: [[neonatal]] listeriosis, [[genitourinary]] [[infection]], [[gastroenteritis]], [[central nervous system]] [[infection]], [[endocarditis]], [[bacteremia]], and localized [[infection]].
Clinical syndromes caused by ''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]'' include: infection in pregnancy, neonatal infection, bacteremia, central nervous system infection (meningitis, encephalitis, rhombencephalitis, brain abscess, spinal cord infection), endocarditis, localized infection, and febrile gastroenteritis.


==Classification==
==Classification==
Listeriosis may be classified according to the clinical syndrome. Clinical syndromes are shown in the following table:<ref name="pmid28139432">{{cite journal |vauthors=Charlier C, Perrodeau É, Leclercq A, Cazenave B, Pilmis B, Henry B, Lopes A, Maury MM, Moura A, Goffinet F, Dieye HB, Thouvenot P, Ungeheuer MN, Tourdjman M, Goulet V, de Valk H, Lortholary O, Ravaud P, Lecuit M |title=Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28139432 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30521-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28145786">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chersich MF, Takkinen J, Charlier C, Leclercq A, Adams PE, Godbole G, Altmeyer U, Friesema IH, Labbé Sandelin L, Jenkin L, Fontana L, Aldigeri R, Venter F, Luchters SM, Lecuit M, Cimino L |title=Diagnosis and Treatment of Listeria monocytogenes Endophthalmitis: A Systematic Review |journal=Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. |volume= |issue= |pages=1–10 |year=2017 |pmid=28145786 |doi=10.1080/09273948.2016.1276788 |url=}}</ref>


There are four common clinical syndromes:
{| class="wikitable" {{table}} cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border:#c9c9c9 1px solid; margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border-collapse: collapse;"
 
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Clinical Syndrome'''
* '''Infection in pregnancy''': ''Listeria'' can proliferate asymptomatically in the [[vagina]] and [[uterus]]. If the mother becomes symptomatic, it is usually in the third [[trimester]]. Symptoms include [[fever]], [[myalgia]]s, [[arthralgias]] and [[headache]]. [[Abortion]], [[stillbirth]], and [[preterm labor]] are complications of genitourinary infection.
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Description'''
 
|-
* '''Neonatal infection''' ('''granulomatosis infantisepticum'''): There are two forms. One, an early-onset [[sepsis]], with ''Listeria'' acquired in utero, results in premature birth. ''Listeria'' can be isolated in the [[placenta]], [[blood]], [[meconium]], [[nose]], [[ear]]s, and [[throat]]. Another, late-onset [[meningitis]] is acquired through vaginal transmission, although it also has been reported with caesarean deliveries.
| '''Neonatal infection (granulomatosis infantisepticum)'''||May be early-onset (acquired in-utero, manifests as [[sepsis]]) or late-onset (vaginal transmission during [[delivery]], manifests as [[meningitis]]).
 
|-
* '''CNS infection''': ''Listeria'' has a predilection for the brain [[parenchyma]], especially the [[brain stem]], and the [[meninges]]. Mental status changes are common. [[Seizure]]s occur in at least 25% of patients. Cranial nerve palsies, [[encephalitis]], [[meningitis]], [[meningoencephalitis]], or [[abscess]]es may occur.
| '''Genitourinary infection'''||''[[Listeria monocytogenes| Listeria]]'' can proliferate asymptomatically in the [[vagina]] and [[uterus]]. Manifestations include [[fever]], [[myalgias]], [[arthralgias]] and [[headache]]. [[Abortion]], [[stillbirth]], and [[preterm labor]] are common complications of ''[[Listeria monocytogenes| Listeria]]'' [[genitourinary]] infection.
 
|-
* '''Gastroenteritis''': ''Listeria monocytogenes'' can produce food-borne diarrheal disease, which typically is noninvasive. The median incubation period is 1-2 days, with [[diarrhea]] lasting anywhere from 1-3 days. Patients present with [[fever]], [[muscle ache]]s, [[nausea]], [[diarrhea]], [[headache]], [[stiff neck]], [[confusion]], loss of balance, or [[convulsion]]s.
| '''Gastroenteritis'''||''[[Listeria monocytogenes| Listeria]]'' is associated with food-borne, non-invasive [[gastroenteritis]]. Manifestations include [[fever]], [[muscle aches]], [[nausea]], [[diarrhea]], [[headache]], confusion, loss of balance, or [[convulsions]].
|-
| '''Central nervous system infection'''||''[[Listeria monocytogenes| Listeria]]'' may proliferate in in the brain parenchyma (usually [[brainstem]] and [[meninges]])
|-
| '''Endocarditis'''||''[[Listeria monocytogenes| Listeria]]'' [[endocarditis]] may affect both native and [[prosthetic valves]]. [[Endocarditis]] caused by ''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]'' may signify underlying [[gastrointestinal tract]] pathology, including [[malignancy]].
|-
| '''Endophthalmitis'''||A rare form of listeriosis.
|-
| '''Bacteremia'''||Manifestations of listerial [[bacteremia]] include a prodromal illness with [[fever]], [[myalgia]], [[nausea]], and [[diarrhea]].
|-
| '''Localized infection'''||''[[Listeria monocytogenes| Listeria]]'' localized [[infections]] are uncommon and usually result from direct [[inoculation]] or bacteremic spread.
|}


==References==
==References==
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{{reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 22:31, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Listeriosis may be classified according to the clinical syndrome into the following: neonatal listeriosis, genitourinary infection, gastroenteritis, central nervous system infection, endocarditis, bacteremia, and localized infection.

Classification

Listeriosis may be classified according to the clinical syndrome. Clinical syndromes are shown in the following table:[1][2]

Clinical Syndrome Description
Neonatal infection (granulomatosis infantisepticum) May be early-onset (acquired in-utero, manifests as sepsis) or late-onset (vaginal transmission during delivery, manifests as meningitis).
Genitourinary infection Listeria can proliferate asymptomatically in the vagina and uterus. Manifestations include fever, myalgias, arthralgias and headache. Abortion, stillbirth, and preterm labor are common complications of Listeria genitourinary infection.
Gastroenteritis Listeria is associated with food-borne, non-invasive gastroenteritis. Manifestations include fever, muscle aches, nausea, diarrhea, headache, confusion, loss of balance, or convulsions.
Central nervous system infection Listeria may proliferate in in the brain parenchyma (usually brainstem and meninges)
Endocarditis Listeria endocarditis may affect both native and prosthetic valves. Endocarditis caused by Listeria monocytogenes may signify underlying gastrointestinal tract pathology, including malignancy.
Endophthalmitis A rare form of listeriosis.
Bacteremia Manifestations of listerial bacteremia include a prodromal illness with fever, myalgia, nausea, and diarrhea.
Localized infection Listeria localized infections are uncommon and usually result from direct inoculation or bacteremic spread.

References

  1. ↑ Charlier C, Perrodeau É, Leclercq A, Cazenave B, Pilmis B, Henry B, Lopes A, Maury MM, Moura A, Goffinet F, Dieye HB, Thouvenot P, Ungeheuer MN, Tourdjman M, Goulet V, de Valk H, Lortholary O, Ravaud P, Lecuit M (2017). "Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study". Lancet Infect Dis. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30521-7. PMID 28139432.
  2. ↑ Chersich MF, Takkinen J, Charlier C, Leclercq A, Adams PE, Godbole G, Altmeyer U, Friesema IH, Labbé Sandelin L, Jenkin L, Fontana L, Aldigeri R, Venter F, Luchters SM, Lecuit M, Cimino L (2017). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Listeria monocytogenes Endophthalmitis: A Systematic Review". Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm.: 1–10. doi:10.1080/09273948.2016.1276788. PMID 28145786.

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