Lipoprotein disorders causes: Difference between revisions

	Lipoprotein Disorders Microchapters
Patient Information
Overview
Causes
Classification Hyperlipoproteinemia Hypolipoproteinemia
Treatment

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Revision as of 19:42, 22 October 2012

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Hyperlipidemia can occur as either a primary event or secondary to some underlying disease. The primary hyperlipidemias include chylomicronemia, hypercholesterolemia, dysbetalipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipoproteinemia, and combined hyperlipoproteinemia. Other diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, renal disease, and hypothyroidism, can cause the secondary form.

Causes

Primary hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipoproteinemia type I

Deficiency of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or altered apolipoprotein C2

Hyperlipoproteinemia type II

Type IIa

Familial hypercholesterolemia
- Sporadic (due to dietary factors)
- Polygenic (multiple abnormalities in LDL metabolism)
- Truly familial (as a result of a mutation in the LDL receptor gene on chromosome 19 (0.2% of the population), the apo B gene (0.2%) or the proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) gene (very rare))

Type IIb

Familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia (FCH)
- Overproduction of hepatically-derived apo B-100 associated with VLDL
- Overproduction of substrates, including triglycerides and acetyl-CoA
- Decreased clearance of LDL

Hyperlipoproteinemia type III

Presence of apo E E2/E2 genotype resulting in cholesterol-rich VLDL (β-VLDL)

Hyperlipoproteinemia type IV

Genetic defect, which is passed on in an autosomal dominant fashion

Hyperlipoproteinemia type V

Very similar to type I, but with high VLDL in addition to chylomicrons
Associated with glucose intolerance and hyperuricemia.

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 **Decreased clearance of LDL
-=====Hyperlipoproteinemia type III=====
+====Hyperlipoproteinemia type III====
 *Presence of [[Apolipoprotein E|apo E]] E2/E2 genotype resulting in cholesterol-rich VLDL (β-VLDL)
-===Hyperlipoproteinemia type IV===
+====Hyperlipoproteinemia type IV====
-This form is due to high [[triglyceride]]s. It is also known as ''[[hypertriglyceridemia]]'' (or ''pure hypertriglyceridemia''). According to the NCEP-ATPIII definition of high triglycerides (>200 mg/dl),
+*Genetic defect, which is passed on in an autosomal dominant fashion
-prevalence is about 16% of adult population.<ref>Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report.  ''Circulation'' 2002; 106; page 3240</ref>
-===Hyperlipoproteinemia type V===
+====Hyperlipoproteinemia type V====
-This type is very similar to type I, but with high [[VLDL]] in addition to chylomicrons.
+*Very similar to type I, but with high [[VLDL]] in addition to chylomicrons
-It is also associated with glucose intolerance and hyperuricemia.
+*Associated with glucose intolerance and hyperuricemia.