Leptospirosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Line 42: Line 42:


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
[[Leptospirosis history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Leptospirosis physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Leptospirosis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Leptospirosis CT|CT]] | [[Leptospirosis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Leptospirosis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
[[Leptospirosis history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Leptospirosis physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Leptospirosis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Leptospirosis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Leptospirosis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Leptospirosis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] |  [[Leptospirosis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Leptospirosis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Leptospirosis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Leptospirosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Leptospirosis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
[[Leptospirosis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Leptospirosis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Leptospirosis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Leptospirosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Leptospirosis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Case Studies==
==Case Studies==

Revision as of 15:15, 10 August 2015

Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox

Leptospirosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Leptospirosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Imaging Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Leptospirosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Leptospirosis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Leptospirosis

CDC on Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis in the news

Blogs on Leptospirosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Leptospirosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Leptospirosis

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease.  For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Leptospira.

For patient information on this page, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Cane cutter's fever; Harvest fever; Infection due to Leptospira; Japanese autumnal fever; Queensland fever; Rice-field worker's disease; Seven day fever; Spirochaetal jaundice; Spirochetal jaundice

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Leptospirosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case#1

Related Chapters

How do people get leptospirosis?

Outbreaks of leptospirosis are usually caused by exposure to water contaminated with the urine of infected animals. Many different kinds of animals carry the bacterium; they may become sick but sometimes have no symptoms. Leptospira organisms have been found in cattle, pigs, horses, dogs, rodents, and wild animals. Humans become infected through contact with water, food, or soil containing urine from these infected animals. This may happen by swallowing contaminated food or water or through skin contact, especially with mucosal surfaces, such as the eyes or nose, or with broken skin. The disease is not known to be spread from person to person.

How long is it between the time of exposure and when people become sick?

The time between a person's exposure to a contaminated source and becoming sick is 2 days to 4 weeks. Illness usually begins abruptly with fever and other symptoms. Leptospirosis may occur in two phases; after the first phase, with fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, vomiting, or diarrhea, the patient may recover for a time but become ill again. If a second phase occurs, it is more severe; the person may have kidney or liver failure or meningitis. This phase is also called Weil's disease.

The illness lasts from a few days to 3 weeks or longer. Without treatment, recovery may take several months.

Research

Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;3(12):757-71 Bharti AR, Nally JE, Ricaldi JN, Matthias MA, Diaz MM, Lovett MA, Levett PN, Gilman RH, Willig MR, Gotuzzo E, Vinetz JM; Peru-United States Leptospirosis Consortium.

In the past decade, leptospirosis has emerged as a globally important infectious disease. It occurs in urban environments of industrialised and developing countries, as well as in rural regions worldwide. Mortality remains significant, related both to delays in diagnosis due to lack of infrastructure and adequate clinical suspicion, and to other poorly understood reasons that may include inherent pathogenicity of some leptospiral strains or genetically determined host immunopathological responses. Pulmonary haemorrhage is recognised increasingly as a major, often lethal, manifestation of leptospirosis, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. The completion of the genome sequence of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai, and other continuing leptospiral genome sequencing projects, promise to guide future work on the disease. Mainstays of treatment are still tetracyclines and beta-lactam/cephalosporins. No vaccine is available. Prevention is largely dependent on sanitation measures that may be difficult to implement, especially in developing countries.

In a study of 38 dogs diagnosed and properly treated for leptospirosis published in the February 2000 issue of the Journal of the American Veterinary Association, the survival rate for the dialysis patients was slightly higher than the ones not put on dialysis, but both were in the 85% range (plus or minus). Of the dogs in this study that did not die, most recovered adequate kidney function, although one had chronic renal problems.

Can leptospirosis be prevented?

The risk of acquiring leptospirosis can be greatly reduced by not swimming or wading in water that might be contaminated with animal urine. Protective clothing or footwear should be worn by those exposed to contaminated water or soil because of their job or recreational activities.

See also

  • Marine Mammal Center

References


External links

Template:Bacterial diseases


da:Leptospirose de:Leptospirose hr:Leptospiroza id:Leptospirosis it:Leptospirosi ml:എലിപ്പനി nl:Ziekte van Weil sq:Leptospirosis simple:Leptospirosis sr:Лептоспироза fi:Leptospiroosi th:โรคเล็ปโตสไปโรซิส


Template:WikiDoc Sources Template:Jb1