Infectious colitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Infectious colitis occurs following invasion of [[Mucous membrane|colonic mucosa]] or attachment to the [[Mucous membrane|colonic mucosa]] by a [[Microorganism|micro-organism]] causing [[inflammation]]. [[Enteric|Enteric pathogens]] that cause [[colitis]] are usually transmitted through [[fecal-oral route]] especially in children. Infectious colitis may also occur following [[antibiotics]] use, especially [[Broad-spectrum antibiotic|broad spectrum antibiotics]]. Infectious colitis may also be acquired as a [[Sexually transmitted infections|sexually transmitted infection]] (STI) among individuals who practice unsafe anal sex especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Pathogenesis=== | ===Pathogenesis=== | ||
Infectious colitis occurs following invasion of colonic mucosa or attachment to the colonic mucosa by a micro-organism causing inflammation | Infectious colitis occurs following invasion of [[Mucous membrane|colonic mucosa]] or attachment to the [[Mucous membrane|colonic mucosa]] by a [[Microorganism|micro-organism]] causing [[inflammation]] | ||
====Pathogenesis of Infectious colitis==== | ====Pathogenesis of Infectious colitis==== | ||
*Enteric organisms that cause colitis are usually transmitted through fecal-oral route especially in children. As few as 100 bacterial cells can be enough to cause an infection.<ref>{{cite book|last=Levinson|first=Warren E|title=Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology|year=2006|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division|isbn=978-0-07-146031-6|edition=9|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=Q_80CUAd_ikC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=February 27, 2012|page=30}}</ref> | *[[Enteric|Enteric organisms]] that cause colitis are usually transmitted through [[fecal-oral route]] especially in children. As few as 100 [[Bacteria|bacterial cells]] can be enough to cause an [[infection]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Levinson|first=Warren E|title=Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology|year=2006|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division|isbn=978-0-07-146031-6|edition=9|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=Q_80CUAd_ikC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=February 27, 2012|page=30}}</ref> | ||
*May also occur following antibiotic use, especially broad spectrum antibiotics. | *May also occur following [[Antibiotic-associated colitis|antibiotic use]], especially broad spectrum antibiotics. | ||
*Can also be acquired as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) among individuals who practice unsafe anal sex especially among men who have sex with men (MSM) | *Can also be acquired as a [[sexually transmitted infection]] (STI) among individuals who practice unsafe anal sex especially among men who have sex with men (MSM) | ||
:*In MSM the pathogens are transmitted directly through overt or microabrasions in the rectal mucosa or indirectly during oral-anal contact.<ref name="Rompalo">{{Rompalo AM. Chapter 9: Proctitis and Proctocolitis. In Klausner JD, Hook III EW. CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. McGraw Hill Professional; 2007 }} </ref> | :*In MSM the pathogens are transmitted directly through overt or microabrasions in the rectal mucosa or indirectly during oral-anal contact.<ref name="Rompalo">{{Rompalo AM. Chapter 9: Proctitis and Proctocolitis. In Klausner JD, Hook III EW. CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. McGraw Hill Professional; 2007 }} </ref> | ||
The pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of infectious colitis will depend on the causative organism as follows: | The [[pathogenesis]], [[Gross examination|gross]] and [[Microscopy|microscopic pathology]] of infectious colitis will depend on the causative organism as follows: | ||
*[[Shigellosis | *[[Shigellosis pathophysiology|''Shigella spp.'']] | ||
*[[Campylobacteriosis | *[[Campylobacteriosis pathophysiology|''Campylobacter jejuni'']] | ||
*[[Clostridium difficile infection | *[[Clostridium difficile infection pathophysiology|''Clostridium difficile'']] | ||
*[[Escherichia coli enteritis | *[[Escherichia coli enteritis pathophysiology|''Escherichia coli'']] | ||
*[[Salmonellosis | *[[Salmonellosis pathophysiology|Nontyphoidal ''Salmonella'']] | ||
*[[Amoebiasis | *[[Amoebiasis pathophysiology|''Entameoba histolytica'']] | ||
*[[Lymphogranuloma venereum | *[[Lymphogranuloma venereum pathophysiology|''Chlamydia trachomatis'']] | ||
*[[Cytomegalovirus infection | *[[Cytomegalovirus infection pathophysiology|''Cytomegalovirus'']] | ||
*[[Yersinia enterocolitica infection | *[[Yersinia enterocolitica infection pathophysiology|''Yersinia enterocolitica'']] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WS}}{{WH}} | |||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Surgery]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:22, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Qasim Salau, M.B.B.S., FMCPaed [2]
Overview
Infectious colitis occurs following invasion of colonic mucosa or attachment to the colonic mucosa by a micro-organism causing inflammation. Enteric pathogens that cause colitis are usually transmitted through fecal-oral route especially in children. Infectious colitis may also occur following antibiotics use, especially broad spectrum antibiotics. Infectious colitis may also be acquired as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) among individuals who practice unsafe anal sex especially among men who have sex with men (MSM).
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
Infectious colitis occurs following invasion of colonic mucosa or attachment to the colonic mucosa by a micro-organism causing inflammation
Pathogenesis of Infectious colitis
- Enteric organisms that cause colitis are usually transmitted through fecal-oral route especially in children. As few as 100 bacterial cells can be enough to cause an infection.[1]
- May also occur following antibiotic use, especially broad spectrum antibiotics.
- Can also be acquired as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) among individuals who practice unsafe anal sex especially among men who have sex with men (MSM)
- In MSM the pathogens are transmitted directly through overt or microabrasions in the rectal mucosa or indirectly during oral-anal contact.[2]
The pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of infectious colitis will depend on the causative organism as follows:
- Shigella spp.
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Clostridium difficile
- Escherichia coli
- Nontyphoidal Salmonella
- Entameoba histolytica
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Cytomegalovirus
- Yersinia enterocolitica
References
- ↑ Levinson, Warren E (2006). Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (9 ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-07-146031-6. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
- ↑ Template:Rompalo AM. Chapter 9: Proctitis and Proctocolitis. In Klausner JD, Hook III EW. CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. McGraw Hill Professional; 2007