Hypopharyngeal cancer medical therapy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
Overview
Medical Therapy
==Treatment Options by Stage==[1]
Stage I Hypopharyngeal Cancer
- Treatment of stage I hypopharyngeal cance
Laryngopharyngectomy and neck dissection with or without high-dose radiation therapy to the lymph nodes of the neck. Partial laryngopharyngectomy with or without high-dose radiation therapy to the lymph nodes on both sides of the neck.
Check the list of NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients with stage I hypopharyngeal cancer. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. Talk with your doctor about clinical trials that may be right for you. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Stage II Hypopharyngeal Cancer
- Treatment of stage II hypopharyngeal cancer may include the following:
Laryngopharyngectomy and neck dissection. High-dose radiationtherapy to the lymph nodes of the neck may be given before or after surgery. Partial laryngopharyngectomy. High-dose radiation therapy to the lymph nodes of the neck may be given before or after surgery. Chemotherapy given during or after radiation therapy or after surgery. A clinical trial of chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy or surgery.
Check the list of NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients withstage II hypopharyngeal cancer. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. Talk with your doctor about clinical trials that may be right for you. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Stage III Hypopharyngeal Cancer
- Treatment of stage III hypopharyngeal cancer may include the following:
Radiation therapy before or after surgery. Chemotherapy given during or after radiation therapy or after surgery. A clinical trial of chemotherapy followed by surgery and/or radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation therapy. A clinical trial of surgery followed by chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation therapy.
Treatment and follow-up of stage III hypopharyngeal cancer is complex and is ideally overseen by a team of specialists with experience and expertise in treating this type ofcancer. If all or part of the hypopharynx is removed, the patient may need plastic surgeryand other special help with breathing, eating, and talking.
Check the list of NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients withstage III hypopharyngeal cancer. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. Talk with your doctor about clinical trials that may be right for you. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Stage IV Hypopharyngeal Cancer
- Treatment of stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer that can be treated with surgery may include the following:
Radiation therapy before or after surgery. A clinical trial of chemotherapy followed by surgery and/or radiation therapy. A clinical trial of surgery followed by chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation therapy.
Surgical treatment and follow-up of stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer is complex and is ideally overseen by a team of specialists with experience and expertise in treating this type of cancer. If all or part of the hypopharynx is removed, the patient may need plastic surgery and other special help with breathing, eating, and talking.
Treatment of stage IV hypopharyngeal cancer that cannot be treated with surgery may include the following:
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy given at the same time as radiation therapy. A clinical trial of radiation therapy with chemotherapy.
- The goal of treatment is to completely remove the cancer and prevent it from spreading to other parts of the body.
- When the tumor is larger or has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, a combination of radiation and chemotherapy is often used to preserve the voice box.
Supportive Treatment
Many patients also need swallowing therapy after treatment to help them adjust to the changes in the structure of the throat.Radiotherapy is considered for the following situations:
Radiation Therapy
As a single-modality treatment in early lesions. This was traditionally the case with small tumours of the true vocal fold. Cure rates are excellent, as are functional outcomes. The disadvantage is a 5-week course of therapy. Consequently, laser surgery is tending to replace radiotherapy for these lesions as the outcomes are similar and the treatment involves only a 1- or 2-day stay in hospital. In certain advanced hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer, where combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy offers organ preservation and good locoregional control without surgery. For palliation for recurrent disease or advanced disease not suitable for surgery or organ preservation through chemoradiotherapy. Post-operatively and, less commonly, pre-operatively, in disease where it is felt prudent to use multimodality therapy. Whether radiation is used preoperatively or post-operatively is often determined by the accepted practices in individual cancer treatment units.
Radiation is delivered by external beam in dedicated radiotherapy units. Radiation affects both normal tissue and cancer tissue, and the salivary glands and oral mucosa are particularly affected. Dryness is a common post-radiotherapy complaint. The mandible is commonly devascularised following radiotherapy and very prone to osteomyelitis and necrosis, secondary to dental sepsis. Dental consultation and management of the teeth are therefore essential if the jaw is to be involved in the radiotherapy field.