Hypogonadism pathophysiology

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Hypogonadism Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypogonadism from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Hypogonadism pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypogonadism pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Hypogonadism pathophysiology

CDC on Hypogonadism pathophysiology

Hypogonadism pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Hypogonadism pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hypogonadism

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypogonadism pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Hypogonadism in males

  • The hypogonadism pathogenesis in males depends mainly on the testosterone deficiency. Testosterone secretion occurs as the following:
    • Testosterone is secreted in response to stimulation signals from the brain cortex to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus by its role secrets the gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH).
    • GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland which by its role secretes the gonadal hormones the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and the Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
    • In males, LH stimulates the leydig cells in the testes which produce testosterone by converting the cholesterol to testosterone.
    • Production of testosterone from the testes gives negative feed back to the pituitary. This feedback inhibit the production of FSH and LH from the pituitary.
  • Testosterone deficiency can occur when different acquired or congenital disease affect the organs responsible for its secretion. So, pathogenesis of the hypogonadism in males depends on the underlying cause.[1]
  • GnRH deficiency has a main role in hypogonadism pathogenesis in males as it leads to decrease of the gonadal hormone and deficiency of testosterone eventually.[2]
  • It has been proved that GnRH deficiency is associated with most cases of idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in males.

Genetic

  • Gentic mutations have a big role in development of the hypogonadism especially congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. There are more than 25 genes participate in the pathogenesis of hypogonadism.[3]
  • In this table number of genes with the associated diseases causing hypogonadism are enlisted:
Associated disease Genes Mutation
Kalman Syndrome ANOS 1
SOX 10
SEMA3A
IL17RD
FEZF1

References

  1. Kumar P, Kumar N, Thakur DS, Patidar A (2010). "Male hypogonadism: Symptoms and treatment". J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 1 (3): 297–301. doi:10.4103/0110-5558.72420. PMC 3255409. PMID 22247861.
  2. Spratt DI, Carr DB, Merriam GR, Scully RE, Rao PN, Crowley WF (1987). "The spectrum of abnormal patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: clinical and laboratory correlations". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 64 (2): 283–91. doi:10.1210/jcem-64-2-283. PMID 3098771.
  3. Boehm U, Bouloux PM, Dattani MT, de Roux N, Dodé C, Dunkel L; et al. (2015). "Expert consensus document: European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment". Nat Rev Endocrinol. 11 (9): 547–64. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.112. PMID 26194704.

Template:WH Template:WS