Hepatitis D history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 02:20, 11 August 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [2]; João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3] Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [4]

Overview

History

Part of the initial evaluation for HDV infection includes a thorough patient history focusing on potential modes and timing of infection. Aspects covered in the patient's history include:^[1]

Exposure to blood and/or blood products
Injection drug use(IDU)
Sexual exposure
Occupational exposure
Recent history of invasive procedures performed in non-hospital health care settings, including hemodialysis centers and long-term care facilities^[2]

Chronic HDV

In chronic HDV, history taking includes obtaining information regarding factors associated with the progression of HBV-related liver disease.^[3] The following aspects should be covered:^[3]^[1]

Risk factors for coinfection with HDV, HCV, and HIV
Family history of liver disease and HCC
Medication history
Smoking status
Alcohol consumption
Drug abuse
Sexual activity
History of previous HBV treatment (to assess potential for treatment resistance)
Antiretroviral drug regimen if coinfected with HIV(to assess potential for treatment resistance)

Patients from Areas of High Endemicity

History taking among immigrants from regions with a high prevalence of HBV should include questions regarding family history of acute and/or chronic liver disease, rituals in which shared and non-sterile instruments were used such as scarification and piercing, and traditional medical procedures.^[1]

Symptoms of hepatitis D are similar to those of hepatitis B. The onset of symptoms is usually abrupt, and jaundice usually develops after the symptoms have disappeared.

Symptoms

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rotman Y, Brown TA, Hoofnagle JH (2009). "Evaluation of the patient with hepatitis B." Hepatology. 49 (5 Suppl): S22–7. doi:10.1002/hep.22976. PMC 2881483. PMID 19399815.
↑ Thompson ND, Perz JF, Moorman AC, Holmberg SD (2009). "Nonhospital health care-associated hepatitis B and C virus transmission: United States, 1998-2008". Ann Intern Med. 150 (1): 33–9. PMID 19124818.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Lok AS, McMahon BJ (2009). "Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009". Hepatology. 50 (3): 661–2. doi:10.1002/hep.23190. PMID 19714720.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid19399815-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rotman Y, Brown TA, Hoofnagle JH (2009). "Evaluation of the patient with hepatitis B." Hepatology. 49 (5 Suppl): S22–7. doi:10.1002/hep.22976. PMC 2881483. PMID 19399815.

[pmid19124818-2] Thompson ND, Perz JF, Moorman AC, Holmberg SD (2009). "Nonhospital health care-associated hepatitis B and C virus transmission: United States, 1998-2008". Ann Intern Med. 150 (1): 33–9. PMID 19124818.

[pmid19714720-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Lok AS, McMahon BJ (2009). "Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009". Hepatology. 50 (3): 661–2. doi:10.1002/hep.23190. PMID 19714720.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 == History==
-Part of the initial evaluation for HBV infection includes a thorough patient history focusing on potential modes and timing of infection.  Aspects covered in the patient's history include:<ref name="pmid19399815">{{cite journal| author=Rotman Y, Brown TA, Hoofnagle JH| title=Evaluation of the patient with hepatitis B. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2009 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= S22-7 | pmid=19399815 | doi=10.1002/hep.22976 | pmc=PMC2881483 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19399815  }} </ref>
+Part of the initial evaluation for HDV infection includes a thorough patient history focusing on potential modes and timing of infection.  Aspects covered in the patient's history include:<ref name="pmid19399815">{{cite journal| author=Rotman Y, Brown TA, Hoofnagle JH| title=Evaluation of the patient with hepatitis B. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2009 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= S22-7 | pmid=19399815 | doi=10.1002/hep.22976 | pmc=PMC2881483 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19399815  }} </ref>
 *Exposure to blood and/or blood products
 *[[Intravenous drug use|Injection drug use]]([[IDU]])
 *Sexual exposure
 *Occupational exposure
-*Family history of HBV
 *Recent history of invasive procedures performed in non-hospital health care settings, including [[hemodialysis]] centers and long-term care facilities<ref name="pmid19124818">{{cite journal| author=Thompson ND, Perz JF, Moorman AC, Holmberg SD| title=Nonhospital health care-associated hepatitis B and C virus transmission: United States, 1998-2008. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2009 | volume= 150 | issue= 1 | pages= 33-9 | pmid=19124818 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19124818  }} </ref>
 ===Chronic HDV===
@@ Line 25: / Line 24: @@
 *[[Antiretroviral]] drug regimen if coinfected with [[HIV]](to assess potential for treatment resistance)
 ===Patients from Areas of High Endemicity===
-History taking among immigrants from regions with a high prevalence of HBV should include questions regarding family history of acute and/or [[chronic liver disease]], rituals in which shared and [[non-sterile]] instruments were used such as scarification and piercing, and traditional medical procedures.<ref name="pmid19399815">{{cite journal| author=Rotman Y, Brown TA, Hoofnagle JH| title=Evaluation of the patient with hepatitis B. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2009 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= S22-7 | pmid=19399815 | doi=10.1002/hep.22976 | pmc=PMC2881483 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19399815  }} </ref>
+History taking among immigrants from regions with a high prevalence of HBV should include questions regarding family history of acute and/or [[chronic liver disease]], rituals in which shared and non-sterile instruments were used such as scarification and piercing, and traditional medical procedures.<ref name="pmid19399815">{{cite journal| author=Rotman Y, Brown TA, Hoofnagle JH| title=Evaluation of the patient with hepatitis B. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2009 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= S22-7 | pmid=19399815 | doi=10.1002/hep.22976 | pmc=PMC2881483 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19399815  }} </ref>
 Symptoms of hepatitis D are similar to those of hepatitis B. The onset of symptoms is usually abrupt, and jaundice usually develops after the symptoms have disappeared.