Hepatitis D epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
HDV is rare in most developed countries, and is mostly associated with intravenous drug abuse. However HDV is much more common in Mediterranean countries, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and countries in the northern part of South America.[1] In all, about 20 million people may be infected with HDV.[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
More than 15 million people have evidence of serological exposure to HDV worldwide. Areas of high endemicity include Central Africa, the Amazon Basin, and the Mediterranean Basin. Two epidemiological patterns of hepatitis D infection exist: in Western Europe and North America, HDV is limited to persons exposed to blood or blood products such as with intravenous drug use. In Mediterranean countries, HDV infection is endemic among HBV carriers. In this population, the virus is transmitted by close personal contact. [3]
New foci of high HDV prevalence continue to be identified including areas of China, Northern India, Albania, and Okinawa, Japan. [3]
HDV prevalence is decreasing in many areas of the world including the Mediterranean region. This has been attributed to a decreasing prevalence of chronic HBsAg carriers.
Incidence
Age
Gender
Race
References
- ↑ Radjef N, Gordien E, Ivaniushina V; et al. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate a wide and ancient radiation of African hepatitis delta virus, suggesting a deltavirus genus of at least seven major clades". J. Virol. 78 (5): 2537–44. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004. PMC 369207. PMID 14963156. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Taylor JM (2006). "Hepatitis delta virus". Virology. 344 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.033. PMID 16364738. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 World Health Organization. Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response.http://www.who.int/csr/disease/hepatitis/HepatitisD_whocdscsrncs2001_1.pdf?ua=1
- ↑ "Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)".