Hemolytic anemia resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
'''Life threatening causes''' | |||
* [[ABO incompatibility]] | |||
* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] | |||
* [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] | |||
* [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] | |||
* [[Pre eclampsia]] and [[malignant hypertension]] | |||
'''Other causes''' | |||
* | * Membrane cytoskeletal defects like [[hereditary spherocytosis]] and [[hereditary elliptocytosis]] <ref name="pmid21251470">{{cite journal| author=Barcellini W, Bianchi P, Fermo E, Imperiali FG, Marcello AP, Vercellati C | display-authors=etal| title=Hereditary red cell membrane defects: diagnostic and clinical aspects. | journal=Blood Transfus | year= 2011 | volume= 9 | issue= 3 | pages= 274-7 | pmid=21251470 | doi=10.2450/2011.0086-10 | pmc=3136593 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21251470 }} </ref> | ||
* [[Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] | |||
* [[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]] | |||
* [[Sickle cell disease]] | |||
* [[Thalassemia]] | |||
* [[Cold agglutinin disease]] | |||
* Drug induced hemolytic anemia | |||
* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] | |||
* [[Prosthetic heart valve]]s | |||
* Infectious causes such as [[malaria]], [[hepatitis]], [[CMV]] infection etc. | |||
For a complete list of hemolytic anemia causes click [[Hemolytic anemia classification|here]] | |||
== FIRE == | == FIRE == | ||
Revision as of 15:46, 30 July 2020
| Hemolytic anemia Resident Survival Guide |
|---|
| Overview |
| Causes |
| FIRE |
| Diagnosis |
| Treatment |
| Do's |
| Don'ts |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];
Overview
- Anemia is defined as a decrease in red blood cell population in the body.Hemolytic anemia results from a destruction of RBCs which is faster than the bone marrow production of them. Hemolysis can be due to either extravascular or intravascular destruction of cells[1].
- It is caused due to a wide variety of reasons which include inherited diseases like thalassemia, sickle cell disease etc, infections, autoimmune conditions, bone marrow dysfunction, blood transfusions and certain drugs can also result in hemolytic anemia [2].
- Most common presenting symptoms are fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea, tachycardia and icterus in severe cases.
- Diagnosis usually requires a battery of tests including, but not limited to a peripheral smear, CBC, serum LDH, bone marrow studies, etc.
- Treatment is directed by the specific cause and can involve bone marrow transplant, splenectomy, transfusions etc[3].
Causes
Life threatening causes
- ABO incompatibility
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- Pre eclampsia and malignant hypertension
Other causes
- Membrane cytoskeletal defects like hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis [4]
- Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency
- Sickle cell disease
- Thalassemia
- Cold agglutinin disease
- Drug induced hemolytic anemia
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Prosthetic heart valves
- Infectious causes such as malaria, hepatitis, CMV infection etc.
For a complete list of hemolytic anemia causes click here
FIRE
Diagnosis
Treatment
Do's
Don'ts
References
- ↑ Phillips J, Henderson AC (2018). "Hemolytic Anemia: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis". Am Fam Physician. 98 (6): 354–361. PMID 30215915.
- ↑ Renard D, Rosselet A (2017). "Drug-induced hemolytic anemia: Pharmacological aspects". Transfus Clin Biol. 24 (3): 110–114. doi:10.1016/j.tracli.2017.05.013. PMID 28648734.
- ↑ Morishita E (2015). "[Diagnosis and treatment of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]". Rinsho Ketsueki. 56 (7): 795–806. doi:10.11406/rinketsu.56.795. PMID 26251142.
- ↑ Barcellini W, Bianchi P, Fermo E, Imperiali FG, Marcello AP, Vercellati C; et al. (2011). "Hereditary red cell membrane defects: diagnostic and clinical aspects". Blood Transfus. 9 (3): 274–7. doi:10.2450/2011.0086-10. PMC 3136593. PMID 21251470.