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{{Goodpastures syndrome }}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
There are no known direct causes for Goodpasture syndrome. Common risk factors for Goodpasture syndrome are viral or bacterial infections and certain environmental and behavioral risk factors such as smoking, hydrocarbons, formaldehyde and cocaine use.<ref name="pmid24456936">{{cite journal| author=Hellmark T, Segelmark M| title=Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM). | journal=J Autoimmun | year= 2014 | volume= 48-49 | issue=  | pages= 108-12 | pmid=24456936 | doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.024 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24456936  }} </ref>
There are no known direct causes for Goodpasture syndrome. Common [[risk factors]] for Goodpasture syndrome are [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] [[infections]] and certain environmental and behavioral [[risk factors]] such as [[smoking]], [[hydrocarbons]], [[formaldehyde]] and [[cocaine]] use.


==Causes==
==Causes==


Goodpasture syndrome may be caused by either viral or bacterial infections, environmental and behavioral risk factors.  
Goodpasture syndrome is an [[autoimmune]] condition and is seen in individuals with susceptible [[HLA]] subtypes who when exposed certain environmental stimuli leads to [[autoantibody]] production. Goodpasture syndrome may be caused by either [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] [[infections]], occupational, environmental or behavioral [[risk factors]].<ref name="pmid25838905">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cranfield A, Mathavakkannan S |title=Goodpasture's disease following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a case report & literature review |journal=Clin Case Rep |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=160–4 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25838905 |pmc=4377247 |doi=10.1002/ccr3.190 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24456936">{{cite journal| author=Hellmark T, Segelmark M| title=Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM). | journal=J Autoimmun | year= 2014 | volume= 48-49 | issue=  | pages= 108-12 | pmid=24456936 | doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.024 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24456936  }} </ref>
 
'''Infectious disease causes of Goodpasture syndrome'''
 
Infectious diseases that can cause Goodpasture syndrome include:


'''Environmental risk factors causing Goodpasture syndrome'''
'''Viral and bacterial risk factors causing Goodpasture syndrome'''  


Environmental risk factors that cause uveitis include:
It is not clear how [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] [[infections]] play a role in Goodpasture syndrome. However, any injury to the [[lungs]] can lead to disruption of [[alveolar]] [[blood vessels]] and increased exposure of [[autoantibodies]] to [[alveolar]] [[basement membrane]]. It is presumed that certain infections such as the [[influenza]] virus may play a role in the development of Goodpasture syndrome from cross-reactivity in the [[basement membrane]].<ref name="pmid4571918">{{cite journal| author=Wilson CB, Dixon FJ| title=Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 1973 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 74-89 | pmid=4571918 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4571918  }} </ref> 
* Smoking tobacco
* Exposure to organic solvents
* Exposure to hydrocarbons
* Cocaine


Goodpasture syndrome is an [[autoimmune]] disorder, a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. Persons with this syndrome develop substances that attack a protein called [[collagen]] in the tiny air sacs in the lungs and the filtering units ([[glomureli]]) of the kidney.
'''Occupational, Environmental and Behavioral  risk factors causing Goodpasture syndrome'''<ref name="pmid24456936">{{cite journal| author=Hellmark T, Segelmark M| title=Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM). | journal=J Autoimmun | year= 2014 | volume= 48-49 | issue=  | pages= 108-12 | pmid=24456936 | doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.024 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24456936  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25349763">{{cite journal| author=Bal A, Das A, Gupta D, Garg M| title=Goodpasture's Syndrome and p-ANCA Associated Vasculitis in a Patient of Silicosiderosis: An Unusual Association. | journal=Case Rep Pulmonol | year= 2014 | volume= 2014 | issue=  | pages= 398238 | pmid=25349763 | doi=10.1155/2014/398238 | pmc=4202243 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25349763  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1536151">{{cite journal| author=Bombassei GJ, Kaplan AA| title=The association between hydrocarbon exposure and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated disease (Goodpasture's syndrome). | journal=Am J Ind Med | year= 1992 | volume= 21 | issue= 2 | pages= 141-53 | pmid=1536151 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1536151  }} </ref>


These substances are called anti-glomerular basement membrane [[antibodies]]. Glomerular basement membrane is a part of the kidneys that helps filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. Anti-glomerular basement membrane are antibodies against this membrane. They can lead to kidney damage.
Occupational, environmental and behavioral [[risk factors]] that cause Goodpasture syndrome include:
 
* [[Smoking]] [[tobacco]]
Sometimes the disorder is triggered by a viral respiratory infection or by breathing in hydrocarbon solvents. In such cases, the immune system may attack organs or tissues because it mistakes them for these viruses or foreign chemicals.
* Volatile [[hydrocarbons]]
 
* Exposure to [[organic solvents]]
The immune system's faulty response causes bleeding in the air sacs and inflammation in the kidney's filtering units.
* [[Upper respiratory tract infections]] (such as [[influenza]])
 
* [[Immunosuppressive drugs|Immunosuppressive drug]]<nowiki/>s (such as [[alemtuzumab]])
===Drug Induced===
* [[Cocaine]]
* Penicillamine
* [[Silicosis]]
* Mineral dust
* [[D-penicillamine]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]

Latest revision as of 13:28, 23 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Krzysztof Wierzbicki M.D. [3] Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[4]

Overview

There are no known direct causes for Goodpasture syndrome. Common risk factors for Goodpasture syndrome are viral or bacterial infections and certain environmental and behavioral risk factors such as smoking, hydrocarbons, formaldehyde and cocaine use.

Causes

Goodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune condition and is seen in individuals with susceptible HLA subtypes who when exposed certain environmental stimuli leads to autoantibody production. Goodpasture syndrome may be caused by either viral or bacterial infections, occupational, environmental or behavioral risk factors.[1][2]

Viral and bacterial risk factors causing Goodpasture syndrome

It is not clear how viral or bacterial infections play a role in Goodpasture syndrome. However, any injury to the lungs can lead to disruption of alveolar blood vessels and increased exposure of autoantibodies to alveolar basement membrane. It is presumed that certain infections such as the influenza virus may play a role in the development of Goodpasture syndrome from cross-reactivity in the basement membrane.[3]

Occupational, Environmental and Behavioral risk factors causing Goodpasture syndrome[2][4][5]

Occupational, environmental and behavioral risk factors that cause Goodpasture syndrome include:

References

  1. Cranfield A, Mathavakkannan S (March 2015). "Goodpasture's disease following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a case report & literature review". Clin Case Rep. 3 (3): 160–4. doi:10.1002/ccr3.190. PMC 4377247. PMID 25838905.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Hellmark T, Segelmark M (2014). "Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM)". J Autoimmun. 48-49: 108–12. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.024. PMID 24456936.
  3. Wilson CB, Dixon FJ (1973). "Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis". Kidney Int. 3 (2): 74–89. PMID 4571918.
  4. Bal A, Das A, Gupta D, Garg M (2014). "Goodpasture's Syndrome and p-ANCA Associated Vasculitis in a Patient of Silicosiderosis: An Unusual Association". Case Rep Pulmonol. 2014: 398238. doi:10.1155/2014/398238. PMC 4202243. PMID 25349763.
  5. Bombassei GJ, Kaplan AA (1992). "The association between hydrocarbon exposure and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated disease (Goodpasture's syndrome)". Am J Ind Med. 21 (2): 141–53. PMID 1536151.

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