Gonorrhea epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and demographics== | ==Epidemiology and demographics== | ||
===Incidence and Prevalence=== | ===Incidence and Prevalence=== | ||
*In 2012, the incidence of gonorrhea was reported 106 million cases worldwide.<ref name=Gonorrhea-fact> World Health Organization. Emergence of multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/70603/1/WHO_RHR_11.14_eng.pdf Accessed on September 8, 2016</ref> | *In 2012, the incidence of gonorrhea was reported to be 106 million cases worldwide.<ref name=Gonorrhea-fact> World Health Organization. Emergence of multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/70603/1/WHO_RHR_11.14_eng.pdf Accessed on September 8, 2016</ref> | ||
*Based on data for 2005 to 2012, the estimated pooled prevalence for gonorrhea in women globally was 0.8% (0.6–1.0%) and in men globally was 0.6% (0.4–0.9%). | *Based on data for 2005 to 2012, the estimated pooled prevalence for gonorrhea in women globally was 0.8% (0.6–1.0%) and in men globally was 0.6% (0.4–0.9%). | ||
*In 2012, the global incidence rate for gonorrhea was estimated to be 19 cases per 1,000 in women and 24 per 1,000 in men.<ref name=Four-curable-STD> Newman, Lori, et al. "Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting." PloS one 10.12 (2015): e0143304.</ref> | *In 2012, the global incidence rate for gonorrhea was estimated to be 19 cases per 1,000 in women and 24 per 1,000 in men.<ref name=Four-curable-STD> Newman, Lori, et al. "Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting." PloS one 10.12 (2015): e0143304.</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:44, 12 October 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2], Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [3]
Overview
Gonorrhea is a very common infectious disease. In the United States, gonorrhea is the second most common STD (after chlamydia).[1] In 2012, the incidence of gonorrhea was reported to be 106 million cases worldwide.[2] In 2014, a total of 350,062 cases of gonorrhea were reported in the United States.[3]
Epidemiology and demographics
Incidence and Prevalence
- In 2012, the incidence of gonorrhea was reported to be 106 million cases worldwide.[2]
- Based on data for 2005 to 2012, the estimated pooled prevalence for gonorrhea in women globally was 0.8% (0.6–1.0%) and in men globally was 0.6% (0.4–0.9%).
- In 2012, the global incidence rate for gonorrhea was estimated to be 19 cases per 1,000 in women and 24 per 1,000 in men.[4]
- In 2014, a total 350,062 cases gonorrhea were reported in United States.[3]
Age
- In 2014, rates of reported gonorrhea cases in the United States continued to be highest among adolescents and young adults
- In 2014, the highest rates among women were observed among those aged 20–24 years (500 cases per 100,000 females) and 15–19 years (430 cases per 100,000 females).
- In 2014, the highest rates among men were observed among those aged 20–24 years (480 cases per 100,000 males) and 25–29 years (370 cases per 100,000 males).[5]
Gender
- Men are more commonly affected with gonorrhea than women globally. It suggests increased transmission among gay, bisexual, or men who have sex with men (MSM).
- Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) is more common in women than men. [6]
- In 2012, the global prevalence of gonorrhea among women aged 15–49 years was estimated to range from 600 to 1,000 cases per 100,000 individuals.
- In 2012, the global prevalence of gonorrhea among men was estimated to range from 400 to 900 cases per 100,000 individuals.
- In 2014, in the United States incidence of gonorrhea was reported 120 cases per 100,000 males, while it was reported 100 cases per 100,000 female.[7]
Race
- In 2014, the gonorrhea is more prevalent in the Blacks, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders races compere to Whites.[7]
- In 2014, in the United States Incidence of gonococcal infection among african american was 400 cases per 100,000, 160 cases per 100,000 among American Indians/ Alaska Natives, i 100 cases per 100,000 among Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders, and it is 38 cases per 100,000 among Whites.
- The incidence in Blacks is 10.6 times that of Whites.[5]
- The incidence in American Indians/ Alaska Native was 4.2 times that of Whites.
- The incidence in Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders was 2.7 times that of Whites.
Developed Country
- In the United State, gonorrhea is the second most common STD after chlamydia.[1]
- In the United States, CDC estimates more than 300,000 reported cases of gonorrhea per year, yet CDC estimates 820,000 new infections may actually occur each year.[8]
Gonorrhea by Region in the United States
- n 2014, a total of 350,062 gonorrhea cases were reported, and the national gonorrhea rate increased to 110.7 cases per 100,000 population[3]
- In 2014, In the United State gonorrhea was reported in different state
The lowest report was reported in Vermont 13 cases per 100,000 population and the highest was reported in the District of Columbia was 291.3 per 100,000 population.[7]
- In 2014, among the four region of the United States (South, Midwest, West, and Northeast), the South had the highest rate of reported gonorrhea cases.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 CDC. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2013. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 World Health Organization. Emergence of multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/70603/1/WHO_RHR_11.14_eng.pdf Accessed on September 8, 2016
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reported STDs in the United States 2014 National Data for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/std-trends-508.pdf
- ↑ Newman, Lori, et al. "Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting." PloS one 10.12 (2015): e0143304.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 2014 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance. Gonorrhea (2014) http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/gonorrhea.htm
- ↑ O'Brien JP, Goldenberg DL, Rice PA (1983). "Disseminated gonococcal infection: a prospective analysis of 49 patients and a review of pathophysiology and immune mechanisms". Medicine (Baltimore). 62 (6): 395–406. PMID 6415361.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf Accessed on September 29, 2016
- ↑ Satterwhite CL, Torrone E, Meites E, et al. Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. Sex Transm Dis 2013;40:187–93.