Glaucoma epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan Bir Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
Open-Angle Glaucoma
The overall prevalence of OAG in the US population 40 years and older is estimated to be 1.86% (95% confidence interval, 1.75%-1.96%), with 1.57 million white and 398000 black persons affected. After applying race-, age-, and gender-specific rates to the US population as determined in the 2000 US census, it was estimated that OAG affects 2.22 million US citizens. Owing to the rapidly aging population, the number with OAG will increase by 50% to 3.36 million by 2020. [1]
The World Health Organization (WHO) undertook an analysis of the literature to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and severity of the different types of glaucoma on a worldwide basis. Using data collected predominantly in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the WHO estimated the global population of persons with high lOP (>21 mm Hg) to be 104.5 million. The incidence of POAG was estimated at 2.4 million persons per year. Blindness prevalence for all types of glaucoma was estimated at more than 8 million per- sons, with 4 million cases caused by POAG. Glaucoma was theoretically calculated to be responsible for 12.3% of blindness. This makes glaucoma the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, following cataract. Pooyan 66961526-7 Prevalence The estimated prevalence (the total number of individuals with a disease at a specific time) varies widely across population-based samples, with the Rotterdam Study (northern European population) showing a prevalence of 0.8% and the Barbados Eye Study (Carib- bean population) showing a prevalence of 7% in individuals older than 40 years. But in both of these studies, there is a significant increase in the prevalence of glaucoma in older individuals, with estimates for persons in their 70s being generally 3 to 8 times higher than those for persons in their 40s. In addition, multiple population-based surveys have dem- onstrated a higher prevalence of glaucoma in specific ethnic groups. Among whites aged 40 years and older, a prevalence of between 1.1% and 2.1% has been reported based on population-based studies performed throughout the world. The prevalence among black persons and Latino persons is up to 4 times higher compared to the prevalence among whites. Black individuals are also at greater risk of blindness from POAG, and this risk increases with age: in persons aged 46-65 years, the likelihood of blindness from POAG is 15 times higher among blacks than that among whites.
- Worldwide, it is the second leading cause of blindness.[2]
- Glaucoma affects one in two hundred people aged fifty and younger and one in ten over the age of eighty.
Gender
- Women are three times more likely than men to develop acute angle-closure glaucoma due to their shallower anterior chambers.
Race
- African Americans are three times more likely than Caucasians to develop primary open angle glaucoma.
- Asians are susceptible to angle-closure glaucoma, and Inuit have a twenty to forty times higher risk than Caucasians of developing primary angle closure glaucoma.
References
- ↑ Friedman DS, Wolfs RC, O'Colmain BJ, Klein BE, Taylor HR, West S, Leske MC, Mitchell P, Congdon N, Kempen J, Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group (2004). "Prevalence of Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Adults in the United States". Arch Ophthalmol. 122 (4): 532–8. doi:10.1001/archopht.122.4.532. PMC 2798086. PMID 15078671.
- ↑ "Glaucoma, Normal Tension, Susceptibility To." OMIM - Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Accessed October 17, 2006.