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==Transmission of COVID-19 through gastrointestinal route==
==Transmission of COVID-19 through gastrointestinal route==
SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in non-respiratory specimens, together with stool, blood, ocular secretions, and semen. However, the role of those sites in the transmission is unsure.<ref name="ChenLan2020">{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Weilie|last2=Lan|first2=Yun|last3=Yuan|first3=Xiaozhen|last4=Deng|first4=Xilong|last5=Li|first5=Yueping|last6=Cai|first6=Xiaoli|last7=Li|first7=Liya|last8=He|first8=Ruiying|last9=Tan|first9=Yizhou|last10=Deng|first10=Xizi|last11=Gao|first11=Ming|last12=Tang|first12=Guofang|last13=Zhao|first13=Lingzhai|last14=Wang|first14=Jinlin|last15=Fan|first15=Qinghong|last16=Wen|first16=Chunyan|last17=Tong|first17=Yuwei|last18=Tang|first18=Yangbo|last19=Hu|first19=Fengyu|last20=Li|first20=Feng|last21=Tang|first21=Xiaoping|title=Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity|journal=Emerging Microbes & Infections|volume=9|issue=1|year=2020|pages=469–473|issn=2222-1751|doi=10.1080/22221751.2020.1732837}}</ref><ref name="WangXu2020">{{cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Wenling|last2=Xu|first2=Yanli|last3=Gao|first3=Ruqin|last4=Lu|first4=Roujian|last5=Han|first5=Kai|last6=Wu|first6=Guizhen|last7=Tan|first7=Wenjie|title=Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens|journal=JAMA|year=2020|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.2020.3786}}</ref><ref name="ColavitaLapa2020">{{cite journal|last1=Colavita|first1=Francesca|last2=Lapa|first2=Daniele|last3=Carletti|first3=Fabrizio|last4=Lalle|first4=Eleonora|last5=Bordi|first5=Licia|last6=Marsella|first6=Patrizia|last7=Nicastri|first7=Emanuele|last8=Bevilacqua|first8=Nazario|last9=Giancola|first9=Maria Letizia|last10=Corpolongo|first10=Angela|last11=Ippolito|first11=Giuseppe|last12=Capobianchi|first12=Maria Rosaria|last13=Castilletti|first13=Concetta|title=SARS-CoV-2 Isolation From Ocular Secretions of a Patient With COVID-19 in Italy With Prolonged Viral RNA Detection|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|year=2020|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/M20-1176}}</ref><ref name="CheungHung2020">{{cite journal|last1=Cheung|first1=Ka Shing|last2=Hung|first2=Ivan F.N.|last3=Chan|first3=Pierre P.Y.|last4=Lung|first4=K.C.|last5=Tso|first5=Eugene|last6=Liu|first6=Raymond|last7=Ng|first7=Y.Y.|last8=Chu|first8=Man Y.|last9=Chung|first9=Tom W.H.|last10=Tam|first10=Anthony Raymond|last11=Yip|first11=Cyril C.Y.|last12=Leung|first12=Kit-Hang|last13=Fung|first13=Agnes Yim-Fong|last14=Zhang|first14=Ricky R.|last15=Lin|first15=Yansheng|last16=Cheng|first16=Ho Ming|last17=Zhang|first17=Anna J.X.|last18=To|first18=Kelvin K.W.|last19=Chan|first19=Kwok-H.|last20=Yuen|first20=Kwok-Y.|last21=Leung|first21=Wai K.|title=Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples From a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis|journal=Gastroenterology|year=2020|issn=00165085|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.065}}</ref><ref name="ZhengFan2020">{{cite journal|last1=Zheng|first1=Shufa|last2=Fan|first2=Jian|last3=Yu|first3=Fei|last4=Feng|first4=Baihuan|last5=Lou|first5=Bin|last6=Zou|first6=Qianda|last7=Xie|first7=Guoliang|last8=Lin|first8=Sha|last9=Wang|first9=Ruonan|last10=Yang|first10=Xianzhi|last11=Chen|first11=Weizhen|last12=Wang|first12=Qi|last13=Zhang|first13=Dan|last14=Liu|first14=Yanchao|last15=Gong|first15=Renjie|last16=Ma|first16=Zhaohui|last17=Lu|first17=Siming|last18=Xiao|first18=Yanyan|last19=Gu|first19=Yaxi|last20=Zhang|first20=Jinming|last21=Yao|first21=Hangping|last22=Xu|first22=Kaijin|last23=Lu|first23=Xiaoyang|last24=Wei|first24=Guoqing|last25=Zhou|first25=Jianying|last26=Fang|first26=Qiang|last27=Cai|first27=Hongliu|last28=Qiu|first28=Yunqing|last29=Sheng|first29=Jifang|last30=Chen|first30=Yu|last31=Liang|first31=Tingbo|title=Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study|journal=BMJ|year=2020|pages=m1443|issn=1756-1833|doi=10.1136/bmj.m1443}}</ref><ref name="LiJin2020">{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Diangeng|last2=Jin|first2=Meiling|last3=Bao|first3=Pengtao|last4=Zhao|first4=Weiguo|last5=Zhang|first5=Shixi|title=Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019|journal=JAMA Network Open|volume=3|issue=5|year=2020|pages=e208292|issn=2574-3805|doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292}}</ref>
SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in non-respiratory specimens, together with stool, blood, ocular secretions, and semen. However, the role of those sites in the transmission is unsure.<ref name="ChenLan2020">{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Weilie|last2=Lan|first2=Yun|last3=Yuan|first3=Xiaozhen|last4=Deng|first4=Xilong|last5=Li|first5=Yueping|last6=Cai|first6=Xiaoli|last7=Li|first7=Liya|last8=He|first8=Ruiying|last9=Tan|first9=Yizhou|last10=Deng|first10=Xizi|last11=Gao|first11=Ming|last12=Tang|first12=Guofang|last13=Zhao|first13=Lingzhai|last14=Wang|first14=Jinlin|last15=Fan|first15=Qinghong|last16=Wen|first16=Chunyan|last17=Tong|first17=Yuwei|last18=Tang|first18=Yangbo|last19=Hu|first19=Fengyu|last20=Li|first20=Feng|last21=Tang|first21=Xiaoping|title=Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity|journal=Emerging Microbes & Infections|volume=9|issue=1|year=2020|pages=469–473|issn=2222-1751|doi=10.1080/22221751.2020.1732837}}</ref><ref name="WangXu2020">{{cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Wenling|last2=Xu|first2=Yanli|last3=Gao|first3=Ruqin|last4=Lu|first4=Roujian|last5=Han|first5=Kai|last6=Wu|first6=Guizhen|last7=Tan|first7=Wenjie|title=Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens|journal=JAMA|year=2020|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.2020.3786}}</ref><ref name="ColavitaLapa2020">{{cite journal|last1=Colavita|first1=Francesca|last2=Lapa|first2=Daniele|last3=Carletti|first3=Fabrizio|last4=Lalle|first4=Eleonora|last5=Bordi|first5=Licia|last6=Marsella|first6=Patrizia|last7=Nicastri|first7=Emanuele|last8=Bevilacqua|first8=Nazario|last9=Giancola|first9=Maria Letizia|last10=Corpolongo|first10=Angela|last11=Ippolito|first11=Giuseppe|last12=Capobianchi|first12=Maria Rosaria|last13=Castilletti|first13=Concetta|title=SARS-CoV-2 Isolation From Ocular Secretions of a Patient With COVID-19 in Italy With Prolonged Viral RNA Detection|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|year=2020|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/M20-1176}}</ref><ref name="CheungHung2020">{{cite journal|last1=Cheung|first1=Ka Shing|last2=Hung|first2=Ivan F.N.|last3=Chan|first3=Pierre P.Y.|last4=Lung|first4=K.C.|last5=Tso|first5=Eugene|last6=Liu|first6=Raymond|last7=Ng|first7=Y.Y.|last8=Chu|first8=Man Y.|last9=Chung|first9=Tom W.H.|last10=Tam|first10=Anthony Raymond|last11=Yip|first11=Cyril C.Y.|last12=Leung|first12=Kit-Hang|last13=Fung|first13=Agnes Yim-Fong|last14=Zhang|first14=Ricky R.|last15=Lin|first15=Yansheng|last16=Cheng|first16=Ho Ming|last17=Zhang|first17=Anna J.X.|last18=To|first18=Kelvin K.W.|last19=Chan|first19=Kwok-H.|last20=Yuen|first20=Kwok-Y.|last21=Leung|first21=Wai K.|title=Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples From a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis|journal=Gastroenterology|year=2020|issn=00165085|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.065}}</ref><ref name="ZhengFan2020">{{cite journal|last1=Zheng|first1=Shufa|last2=Fan|first2=Jian|last3=Yu|first3=Fei|last4=Feng|first4=Baihuan|last5=Lou|first5=Bin|last6=Zou|first6=Qianda|last7=Xie|first7=Guoliang|last8=Lin|first8=Sha|last9=Wang|first9=Ruonan|last10=Yang|first10=Xianzhi|last11=Chen|first11=Weizhen|last12=Wang|first12=Qi|last13=Zhang|first13=Dan|last14=Liu|first14=Yanchao|last15=Gong|first15=Renjie|last16=Ma|first16=Zhaohui|last17=Lu|first17=Siming|last18=Xiao|first18=Yanyan|last19=Gu|first19=Yaxi|last20=Zhang|first20=Jinming|last21=Yao|first21=Hangping|last22=Xu|first22=Kaijin|last23=Lu|first23=Xiaoyang|last24=Wei|first24=Guoqing|last25=Zhou|first25=Jianying|last26=Fang|first26=Qiang|last27=Cai|first27=Hongliu|last28=Qiu|first28=Yunqing|last29=Sheng|first29=Jifang|last30=Chen|first30=Yu|last31=Liang|first31=Tingbo|title=Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study|journal=BMJ|year=2020|pages=m1443|issn=1756-1833|doi=10.1136/bmj.m1443}}</ref><ref name="LiJin2020">{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Diangeng|last2=Jin|first2=Meiling|last3=Bao|first3=Pengtao|last4=Zhao|first4=Weiguo|last5=Zhang|first5=Shixi|title=Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019|journal=JAMA Network Open|volume=3|issue=5|year=2020|pages=e208292|issn=2574-3805|doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292}}</ref> Several reports are evident for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from a stool sample, even after no viral RNA is detected from the upper respiratory sample.<ref name="pmid32251668">{{cite journal| author=Cheung KS, Hung IFN, Chan PPY, Lung KC, Tso E, Liu R | display-authors=etal| title=Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples From a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2020 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=32251668 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.065 | pmc=7194936 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32251668  }} </ref><ref name="pmid32317267">{{cite journal| author=Zheng S, Fan J, Yu F, Feng B, Lou B, Zou Q | display-authors=etal| title=Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study. | journal=BMJ | year= 2020 | volume= 369 | issue=  | pages= m1443 | pmid=32317267 | doi=10.1136/bmj.m1443 | pmc=7190077 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32317267  }} </ref>
 
 
 
 


==Gastrointestinal risk factors of COVID-19==
==Gastrointestinal risk factors of COVID-19==

Revision as of 06:32, 19 June 2020

To go to the COVID-19 project topics list, click here.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]Tayyaba Ali, M.D.[3]

Overview

Transmission of COVID-19 through gastrointestinal route

SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in non-respiratory specimens, together with stool, blood, ocular secretions, and semen. However, the role of those sites in the transmission is unsure.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Several reports are evident for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from a stool sample, even after no viral RNA is detected from the upper respiratory sample.[7][8]

Gastrointestinal risk factors of COVID-19

Complications

Diarrhea

Nauesa and vomiting

Abdominal pain

Loss of appetite

References

  1. ↑ Chen, Weilie; Lan, Yun; Yuan, Xiaozhen; Deng, Xilong; Li, Yueping; Cai, Xiaoli; Li, Liya; He, Ruiying; Tan, Yizhou; Deng, Xizi; Gao, Ming; Tang, Guofang; Zhao, Lingzhai; Wang, Jinlin; Fan, Qinghong; Wen, Chunyan; Tong, Yuwei; Tang, Yangbo; Hu, Fengyu; Li, Feng; Tang, Xiaoping (2020). "Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity". Emerging Microbes & Infections. 9 (1): 469–473. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1732837. ISSN 2222-1751.
  2. ↑ Wang, Wenling; Xu, Yanli; Gao, Ruqin; Lu, Roujian; Han, Kai; Wu, Guizhen; Tan, Wenjie (2020). "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens". JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3786. ISSN 0098-7484.
  3. ↑ Colavita, Francesca; Lapa, Daniele; Carletti, Fabrizio; Lalle, Eleonora; Bordi, Licia; Marsella, Patrizia; Nicastri, Emanuele; Bevilacqua, Nazario; Giancola, Maria Letizia; Corpolongo, Angela; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria; Castilletti, Concetta (2020). "SARS-CoV-2 Isolation From Ocular Secretions of a Patient With COVID-19 in Italy With Prolonged Viral RNA Detection". Annals of Internal Medicine. doi:10.7326/M20-1176. ISSN 0003-4819.
  4. ↑ Cheung, Ka Shing; Hung, Ivan F.N.; Chan, Pierre P.Y.; Lung, K.C.; Tso, Eugene; Liu, Raymond; Ng, Y.Y.; Chu, Man Y.; Chung, Tom W.H.; Tam, Anthony Raymond; Yip, Cyril C.Y.; Leung, Kit-Hang; Fung, Agnes Yim-Fong; Zhang, Ricky R.; Lin, Yansheng; Cheng, Ho Ming; Zhang, Anna J.X.; To, Kelvin K.W.; Chan, Kwok-H.; Yuen, Kwok-Y.; Leung, Wai K. (2020). "Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples From a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Gastroenterology. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.065. ISSN 0016-5085.
  5. ↑ Zheng, Shufa; Fan, Jian; Yu, Fei; Feng, Baihuan; Lou, Bin; Zou, Qianda; Xie, Guoliang; Lin, Sha; Wang, Ruonan; Yang, Xianzhi; Chen, Weizhen; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Dan; Liu, Yanchao; Gong, Renjie; Ma, Zhaohui; Lu, Siming; Xiao, Yanyan; Gu, Yaxi; Zhang, Jinming; Yao, Hangping; Xu, Kaijin; Lu, Xiaoyang; Wei, Guoqing; Zhou, Jianying; Fang, Qiang; Cai, Hongliu; Qiu, Yunqing; Sheng, Jifang; Chen, Yu; Liang, Tingbo (2020). "Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study". BMJ: m1443. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1443. ISSN 1756-1833.
  6. ↑ Li, Diangeng; Jin, Meiling; Bao, Pengtao; Zhao, Weiguo; Zhang, Shixi (2020). "Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019". JAMA Network Open. 3 (5): e208292. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292. ISSN 2574-3805.
  7. ↑ Cheung KS, Hung IFN, Chan PPY, Lung KC, Tso E, Liu R; et al. (2020). "Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples From a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Gastroenterology. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.065. PMC 7194936 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32251668 Check |pmid= value (help).
  8. ↑ Zheng S, Fan J, Yu F, Feng B, Lou B, Zou Q; et al. (2020). "Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study". BMJ. 369: m1443. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1443. PMC 7190077 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32317267 Check |pmid= value (help).
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