Ganglioglioma MRI: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
On MRI brain, ganglioglioma is characterized by iso- to hypointense solid component on T1, variable contrast enhancement of solid component on T1 C+ (Gd), hyperintense solid component and variable signal in cystic component on T2, and [[calcification]] on T2 (GE/SWI).<ref name=dd>MRI findings of ganglioglioma. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ganglioglioma</ref> On MRI scan of [[spinal cord]], ganglioglioma is characterized by mixed signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high intensity on T2, patchy enhancement on T1 C+ (Gd), and [[calcification]] with low signal blooming on gradient echo.<ref name=cc>MRI findings of spinal cord ganglioglioma. Dr Ayush Goel and Dr Sara Wein et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-ganglioglioma</ref>


==MRI==
==MRI==
'''''1. Brain MRI scan is helpful in the diagnosis of [[cerebral]] ganglioglioma. On MRI brain, it is characterized by:'''''<ref name=dd>MRI findings of ganglioglioma. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ganglioglioma</ref>
Brain MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of ganglioglioma.  
 
* In MRI imaging, ganglioglioma may appear as solid or cystic lesions.
'''T1'''
* MRI T1-weighted images show a hypointense mass.
*Solid component iso- to hypointense
* MRI T2-weighted and FLAIR images show a well-circumscribed hyperintense mass.
'''T1 C+ (Gd)'''
* Ganglioglioma often does not enhance with intravenous gadolinium. However, some tumors have mild diffuse or patchy enhancement without ring appearance.
*Solid component variable contrast enhancement
* Conventionally they are sharply demarcated, but some are infiltrative and are indistinguishable from diffuse gliomas.
'''T2'''
* Anaplastic ganglioglioma is frequently infiltrative on MRI and is associated with a higher degree of gadolinium enhancement.
*Hyperintense solid component
* Overall, diagnosis might be suggested by clinical presentation and MRI characteristics, but the definitive diagnosis is only made by histopathological examination of the tumor. Review : <ref name="pmid26948368">{{cite journal| author=Soffietti R, Rudà R, Reardon D| title=Rare glial tumors. | journal=Handb Clin Neurol | year= 2016 | volume= 134 | issue=  | pages= 399-415 | pmid=26948368 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-802997-8.00024-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26948368  }} </ref> <ref name="">{{cite book | last = Hayat | first = M. A. | title = Tumors of the central nervous system | publisher = Springer | location = Dordrecht New York | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-94-007-5487-4 }}</ref> <ref name="RaizerNaidich2008">{{cite journal|last1=Raizer|first1=Jeffrey J.|last2=Naidich|first2=Michelle J.|title=Neuronal Tumors|year=2008|pages=435–448|doi=10.1016/B978-012370863-2.50045-2}}</ref>
*Variable signal in the cystic component (depending on amount of proteinaceous material or presence of blood products)
*Peritumoral FLAIR/T2 [[edema]] is rare
'''T2 (GE/SWI)'''
*Calcified areas shows blooming signal loss
 
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Ganglioglioma-001.jpg
 
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'''''2. MRI scan of spinal cord is helpful in the diagnosis of [[spinal cord]] ganglioglioma. On MRI scan of spinal cord, it is characterized by:'''''<ref name=cc>MRI findings of spinal cord ganglioglioma. Dr Ayush Goel and Dr Sara Wein et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-ganglioglioma</ref>
 
'''T1'''
*Mixed signal intensity on T1-weighted images is due to the dual cellular elements of the [[tumor]]
'''T2'''
*High intensity
*Surrounding [[edema]] is rare
'''T1 C+ (Gd)'''
*Patchy enhancement
'''Gradient echo'''
*Calcification is common, low signal with blooming


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 20:35, 2 August 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mandana Chitsazan, M.D. [2]

Overview

MRI

Brain MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of ganglioglioma.

  • In MRI imaging, ganglioglioma may appear as solid or cystic lesions.
  • MRI T1-weighted images show a hypointense mass.
  • MRI T2-weighted and FLAIR images show a well-circumscribed hyperintense mass.
  • Ganglioglioma often does not enhance with intravenous gadolinium. However, some tumors have mild diffuse or patchy enhancement without ring appearance.
  • Conventionally they are sharply demarcated, but some are infiltrative and are indistinguishable from diffuse gliomas.
  • Anaplastic ganglioglioma is frequently infiltrative on MRI and is associated with a higher degree of gadolinium enhancement.
  • Overall, diagnosis might be suggested by clinical presentation and MRI characteristics, but the definitive diagnosis is only made by histopathological examination of the tumor. Review : [1] [2] [3]

References

  1. Soffietti R, Rudà R, Reardon D (2016). "Rare glial tumors". Handb Clin Neurol. 134: 399–415. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-802997-8.00024-4. PMID 26948368.
  2. Hayat, M. A. (2012). Tumors of the central nervous system. Dordrecht New York: Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-5487-4.
  3. Raizer, Jeffrey J.; Naidich, Michelle J. (2008). "Neuronal Tumors": 435–448. doi:10.1016/B978-012370863-2.50045-2.


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