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==Overview==
 
==Clinical Presentation==
Generally, primary (idiopathic) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) starts abruptly whereas secondary FSGS has a more insidious onset. The hallmark of FSGS is nephrotic-range proteinuria, appearing in approximately 70% of patients.<ref name="pmid7702047">{{cite journal| author=Rydel JJ, Korbet SM, Borok RZ, Schwartz MM| title=Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in adults: presentation, course, and response to treatment. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 1995 | volume= 25 | issue= 4 | pages= 534-42 | pmid=7702047 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7702047 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15284302">{{cite journal| author=Chun MJ, Korbet SM, Schwartz MM, Lewis EJ| title=Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in nephrotic adults: presentation, prognosis, and response to therapy of the histologic variants. | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2004 | volume= 15 | issue= 8 | pages= 2169-77 | pmid=15284302 | doi=10.1097/01.ASN.0000135051.62500.97 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15284302  }} </ref>


==Overview==


==History==
Common signs and symptoms associated with FSGS are shown below<ref name="pmid7702047">{{cite journal|author=Rydel JJ, Korbet SM, Borok RZ, Schwartz MM| title=Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in adults: presentation, course, and response to treatment. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 1995 | volume= 25 | issue= 4 | pages= 534-42 | pmid=7702047 | doi= | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7702047  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15284302">{{cite journal| author=Chun MJ, Korbet SM, Schwartz MM, Lewis EJ|title=Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in nephrotic adults: presentation, prognosis, and response to therapy of the histologic variants. | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2004 |volume= 15 | issue= 8 | pages= 2169-77 | pmid=15284302 | doi=10.1097/01.ASN.0000135051.62500.97| pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15284302  }} </ref>:
*Frothy/foamy urine suggestive of proteinuria
*Red discoloration of urine suggestive of hematuria may be present
*High blood pressure
*Signs of fluid overload, such as peripheral edema, periorbital edema, or ascites
*Fatigue and malaise
*Other signs of renal insufficiency


==Symptoms==
Additionally, a positive family history, heroin abuse, chronic viral infections, and use of associated medications must be ruled out during history-taking.
In children and some adults, FSGS presents as a [[nephrotic syndrome]] (which is characterized by [[edema]] (associated with weight gain), [[hypoalbuminemia]] (low [[human serum albumin|serum albumin]] (a [[protein]]) in the blood), [[hyperlipidemia]] and [[hypertension]] (high blood pressure)). In adults it may also present as [[kidney failure]] and [[proteinuria]], without a full-blown [[nephrotic syndrome]].


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 23:03, 3 December 2013

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Clinical Presentation

Generally, primary (idiopathic) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) starts abruptly whereas secondary FSGS has a more insidious onset. The hallmark of FSGS is nephrotic-range proteinuria, appearing in approximately 70% of patients.[1][2]


Common signs and symptoms associated with FSGS are shown below[1][2]:

  • Frothy/foamy urine suggestive of proteinuria
  • Red discoloration of urine suggestive of hematuria may be present
  • High blood pressure
  • Signs of fluid overload, such as peripheral edema, periorbital edema, or ascites
  • Fatigue and malaise
  • Other signs of renal insufficiency

Additionally, a positive family history, heroin abuse, chronic viral infections, and use of associated medications must be ruled out during history-taking.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Rydel JJ, Korbet SM, Borok RZ, Schwartz MM (1995). "Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in adults: presentation, course, and response to treatment". Am J Kidney Dis. 25 (4): 534–42. PMID 7702047.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Chun MJ, Korbet SM, Schwartz MM, Lewis EJ (2004). "Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in nephrotic adults: presentation, prognosis, and response to therapy of the histologic variants". J Am Soc Nephrol. 15 (8): 2169–77. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000135051.62500.97. PMID 15284302.

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