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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common causes of oral fibroma include trauma or chronic irritation. There are no established causes for chondromyxoid fibroma, non-ossifying fibroma, cemento-ossifying fibroma, and ossifying fibroma.[1][2][3][4]
Causes
Chondromyxoid Fibroma
There are no established causes for chondromyxoid fibroma. However, scientists have noted an association of chondromyxoid fibroma with certain chromosomal abnormalities. Chondromyxoid fibroma may be caused by a clonal rearrangement of chromosome 6. The oncogene activation resulting from this clonal rearrangement is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of chondromyxoid fibroma. Scientists have found that the glutamate receptor gene GRM1 recombines with several partner genes through promoter swapping and gene fusion. The subjects with chondromyxoid fibroma also showed increases in GRM1 gene expression levels.[1][2][3]
Oral Fibroma
The oral fibroma is a common oral lesion that arises due to trauma or chronic irritation. The fibroma is considered to be a reactive lesion. Oral fibroma represents a response of connective tissue cells to chronic irritation. When trauma occurs, the tissues of the oral cavity react and an irrepressible repair process is seen. As a result, an overabundance of fibrous connective tissue is produced and the formation of a nodule or mass.
Non-ossifying Fibroma
The cause of non-ossifying fibroma has not been identified. However, there are reports of non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) in the long bones with clonal rearrangements in chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 11, and 14. These clonal chromosomal changes may suggest genetic events associated with tumorigenesis in the reported NOFs. However, no studies have reported clonal rearrangements in NOF of the mandible.[4]
Cemento-ossifying Fibroma
There are no established causes for cemento-ossifying fibroma. However, there have been reports of past trauma in the area of the lesion.[5]
Ossifying-fibroma
There are no established causes for ossifying fibroma.
Ovarian Fibroma
There are no established causes for ovarian fibroma. However, there are several factors that are associated with fibroid growth. These factors include the following:
- Obesity
- Tamoxifen therapy has been associated with an increase in persistent ovarian cysts.
- Early menarche.
- Infertility
- Nulliparity
- African race
- The natural production of estrogen in the body has also been known to be a stimulant of fibroid growth.
Uterine Fibroma
There are no established causes for uterine fibroma. However, there are several factors that are associated with uterine fibromas. The factors that are associated with fibromas include the following:
- Genetic changes
- Evidence suggest that fibroids run in families and that identical twins are more likely to both have fibroids than nonidentical twins.
- Hormones
- Estrogen and progesterone appear to promote the growth of fibroids. Fibroids contain more estrogen and progesterone receptors than normal uterine muscle cells do. Fibroids tend to shrink after menopause due to a decrease in hormone production.
- Other growth factors
- Substances that help the body maintain tissues, such as insulin-like growth factor, may affect fibroid growth.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Granter SR, Renshaw AA, Kozakewich HP, Fletcher JA (1998). "The pericentromeric inversion, inv (6)(p25q13), is a novel diagnostic marker in chondromyxoid fibroma". Mod Pathol. 11 (11): 1071–4. PMID 9831204.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Yasuda T, Nishio J, Sumegi J, Kapels KM, Althof PA, Sawyer JR; et al. (2009). "Aberrations of 6q13 mapped to the COL12A1 locus in chondromyxoid fibroma". Mod Pathol. 22 (11): 1499–506. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2009.101. PMC 2784180. PMID 19648885.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nord KH, Lilljebjörn H, Vezzi F, Nilsson J, Magnusson L, Tayebwa J; et al. (2014). "GRM1 is upregulated through gene fusion and promoter swapping in chondromyxoid fibroma". Nat Genet. 46 (5): 474–7. doi:10.1038/ng.2927. PMID 24658000.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bowers LM, Cohen DM, Bhattacharyya I, Pettigrew JC, Stavropoulos MF (2013). "The non-ossifying fibroma: a case report and review of the literature". Head Neck Pathol. 7 (2): 203–10. doi:10.1007/s12105-012-0399-7. PMC 3642261. PMID 23008139.
- ↑ Silvestre-Rangil, J.; Silvestre, FJ.; Requeni-Bernal, J. (2011). "Cemento-ossifying fibroma of the mandible: Presentation of a case and review of the literature". Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry: e66–e69. doi:10.4317/jced.3.e66. ISSN 1989-5488.