|
|
| Line 10: |
Line 10: |
|
| |
|
| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
| === Common Causes===
| |
| *[[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis]]<ref name="Harrison">[http://books.mcgraw-hill.com/medical/harrisons/ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine] 16th Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN 0-07-140235-7</ref> - most frequent cause of fever of unknown origin.
| |
| *[[Drug fever]] - adverse reactions of medications should always be considered as an important cause before starting actual evaluation for FUO.
| |
| *[[Histoplasmosis]]
| |
| *[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
| |
| *[[Blastomycosis]] - any systemic granulomatous disease can be a cause of FUO.
| |
| *[[Sarcoidosis]] - one of the important differential diagnosis for FUO in African-american population.
| |
| *[[Lymphoma]] - most common cause of FUO in adults.
| |
| *[[Pulmonary embolism]]
| |
| *[[Deep venous thrombosis]]
| |
| *[[Endocarditis]] - although it is a rare cause, it is always important to think over it as one of the differential diagnosis.
| |
| *Factitious [[fever]]<ref name="Mandell">[http://www.ppidonline.com/ Mandell's Principles and Practices of Infection Diseases] 6th Edition (2004) by Gerald L. Mandell MD, MACP, John E. Bennett MD, Raphael Dolin MD, ISBN 0-443-06643-4 · Hardback · 4016 Pages Churchill Livingstone </ref>- most of the times it is an underestimated cause of FUO but it is often important to consider it in people who worked in the medical field and majority of them are females.
| |
|
| |
| === Causes by Organ System===
| |
|
| |
| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Endocarditis]], [[Deep vein thrombosis]], [[Thrombophlebitis]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bismuth]]
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Dermatologic'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allopurinol]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Aminoglutethimide]], [[Barbiturates]], [[Bismuth]], [[Chlorpromazine]], [[Docetaxel]], [[Ethotoin]], [[GMCSF]], [[Levomepromazine]], [[Methyldopa]], [[Perazine]], Phenophthalein, [[Pipothiazine]], [[Promazine]], [[Penicillin]], [[Phenytoin]], [[Quinidine]], [[Rifampicin]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| Periodic fever aphthous [[pharyngitis]] and cervical adenopathy, [[Sinusitis]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Endocrine'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Environmental'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn's disease]], [[Ulcerative Colitis]], [[Whipple's disease]], [[Choledochal cyst]], [[Cholangitis]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Genetic'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Hematologic'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia]], [[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Iatrogenic'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Infectious Disease'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung abscess]], Subdiaphragmatic [[abscess]], [[Liver abscess]], [[Pyelonephritis]], [[Salmonella typhi]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Gonorrhoea]], [[Leptospirosis]], [[Q fever]], [[Endocarditis]], [[Tularaemia]], [[Scrub typhus]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Rickettsia]] akari, [[Boutonneuse fever]], [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[Yersinia enterocolitica]], Periodic fever aphthous [[pharyngitis]] and cervical adenopathy, [[Ehrlichiosis]], [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Cyclical neutropenia]], [[Pyelonephritis classification|Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]], [[Streptococcus suis]], Catheter infections, [[Lepromatous leprosy]], [[Treponema pallidum]], [[Neisseria meningiditis]], [[UTI]], [[Borrelia burgdorferi]], [[Mycobacterium kansasii]], [[Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare]], [[Sinusitis]], [[Actinomycosis]], [[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]], [[Leptospira]] hebdomadis, [[Listeria monocytogenes]], [[Brucellosis]], [[Blastomycosis]], [[Candida albicans]], [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], Invasive [[aspergillosis]], [[Cryptococcus neoformans]], [[Psittacosis]], [[Coccidioidomycosis]], [[Histoplasmosis]], [[Malaria]], [[Toxoplasma]], [[Sleeping sickness]], [[Entamoeba histolytica]], [[Visceral leishmaniasis]], [[Fasciola hepatica]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[Hepatitis B]], [[HIV-1 disease]], [[Newcastle disease]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Discitis]], [[Polymyalgia rheumatica]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Neurologic'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy]] type 3, [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Oncologic'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Renal adenocarcinoma]], [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia]], [[Paraneoplastic syndrome]], [[Atrial myxoma]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Opthalmologic'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Psychiatric'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| Factitious fever
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Pulmonary'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung abscess]], [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], Invasive [[aspergillosis]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute pyelonephritis]], [[Pyelonephritis classification|Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Polymyositis]], [[Temporal arteritis]], [[Juvenile chronic arthritis]], [[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]], [[Recurrent hereditary polyserositis]], [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]], [[Still's Disease]], [[Rheumatoid disease]], [[Whipple's disease]], [[Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Crohn's disease]], [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Schnitzler syndrome]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Sexual'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Trauma'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Urologic'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Dental'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
|
| |
| | '''Miscellaneous'''
| |
|
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| Surgery complication, [[Fabry's disease]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
|
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ===Causes by Alphabetical Order===
| |
| {{Columns-list|3|
| |
| *[[Actinomycosis]]
| |
| *[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]]
| |
| *[[Allopurinol]]
| |
| *[[Aminoglutethimide]]
| |
| *[[Amphotericin B]]
| |
| *[[Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia]]
| |
| *[[Atrial myxoma]]
| |
| *[[Atypical pneumonia]]
| |
| *[[Barbiturates]]
| |
| *[[Bismuth]]
| |
| *[[Blastomycosis]]
| |
| *[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]
| |
| *[[Boutonneuse fever]]
| |
| *[[Brucellosis]]
| |
| *[[Candida albicans]]
| |
| *Catheter infections
| |
| *[[Chlorpromazine]]
| |
| *[[Cholangitis]]
| |
| *[[Choledochal cyst]]
| |
| *[[Cirrhosis of liver]]
| |
| *[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
| |
| *[[Crohn's disease]]
| |
| *[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]
| |
| *[[Cyclical neutropenia]]
| |
| *[[Deep vein thrombosis]]
| |
| *[[Discitis]]
| |
| *[[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]]
| |
| *[[Docetaxel]]
| |
| *[[Ehrlichiosis]]
| |
| *[[Endocarditis]]
| |
| *[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
| |
| *[[Epstein-Barr virus]]
| |
| *[[Ethotoin]]
| |
| *[[Fabry's disease]]
| |
| *[[Fasciola hepatica]]
| |
| *[[GMCSF]]
| |
| *[[Gonorrhoea]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis B]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy]] type 3
| |
| *[[Histoplasmosis]]
| |
| *[[HIV-1 disease]]
| |
| *[[Hodgkin's lymphoma]]
| |
| *[[Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome]]
| |
| *Invasive [[aspergillosis]]<ref name="pmid23331746">{{cite journal |author=Méndez-Tovar LJ, Manzano-Gayosso P, Cumplido-Uribe C, Hernández-Hernández F, Ramos-Hernández J, López-Martínez R |title=[Invasive mycosis, immunocompromise and fever of unknown origin] |language=Spanish; Castilian |journal=Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=609–14 |year=2012 |pmid=23331746 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Juvenile chronic arthritis]]
| |
| *[[Lepromatous leprosy]]
| |
| *[[Leptospira]] hebdomadis
| |
| *[[Leptospirosis]]
| |
| *[[Levomepromazine]]
| |
| *[[Listeria monocytogenes]]
| |
| *[[Liver abscess]]
| |
| *[[Lung abscess]]
| |
| *[[Lymphoma]]<ref name="pmid22989822">{{cite journal |author=Zhang J, Chen B, Xu X, ''et al.'' |title=Clinical features of 66 lymphoma patients presenting with a fever of unknown origin |journal=Intern. Med. |volume=51 |issue=18 |pages=2529–36 |year=2012 |pmid=22989822 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Malaria]]
| |
| *[[Methyldopa]]
| |
| *[[Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare]]
| |
| *[[Mycobacterium kansasii]]
| |
| *[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
| |
| *[[Neisseria meningiditis]]
| |
| *[[Newcastle disease]]
| |
| *[[Osteomyelitis]]
| |
| *[[Pancreatic cancer]]
| |
| *[[Paraneoplastic syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Penicillin]]
| |
| *[[Perazine]]
| |
| *Periodic fever aphthous [[pharyngitis]] and cervical adenopathy
| |
| *Phenophthalein
| |
| *[[Phenytoin]]
| |
| *[[Pipothiazine]]
| |
| *[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
| |
| *[[Polymyalgia rheumatica]]
| |
| *[[Polymyositis]]
| |
| *[[Promazine]]
| |
| *[[Psittacosis]]
| |
| *[[Pulmonary embolism]]
| |
| *[[Pyelonephritis]]
| |
| *[[Q fever]]<ref name="Granulomatous Hepatitis with Q fever">{{cite journal |author=Aguilar-Olivos N, Del Carmen Manzano-Robleda M, Gutiérrez-Grobe Y, Chablé-Montero F, Albores-Saavedra J, López-Méndez E |title=Granulomatous hepatitis caused by Q fever: a differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin |journal=Ann Hepatol |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=138–41 |year=2013 |month=January |pmid=23293205 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Quinidine]]
| |
| *[[Recurrent hereditary polyserositis]]
| |
| *[[Relapsing fever]]
| |
| *[[Renal adenocarcinoma]]<ref name="pmid22658892">{{cite journal |author=Chandrankunnel J, Cunha BA, Petelin A, Katz D |title=Fever of unknown origin (FUO) and a renal mass: renal cell carcinoma, renal tuberculosis, renal malakoplakia, or xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis? |journal=Heart Lung |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=606–9 |year=2012 |pmid=22658892 |doi=10.1016/j.hrtlng.2012.03.008 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]
| |
| *[[Rheumatoid disease]]
| |
| *[[Rickettsia]] akari
| |
| *[[Rifampicin]]
| |
| *[[Salmonella typhi]]
| |
| *[[Sarcoidosis]]
| |
| *[[Schnitzler syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Scrub typhus]]
| |
| *[[Sinusitis]]
| |
| *[[Sleeping sickness]]
| |
| *[[Still's Disease]]
| |
| *[[Streptococcus suis]]
| |
| *Subdiaphragmatic [[abscess]]
| |
| *Surgery complication
| |
| *[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref name="pmid22980227">{{cite journal |author=Petelin A, Johnson DH, Cunha BA |title=Fever of unknown origin (FUO) due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting as pericarditis |journal=Heart Lung |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2012 |month=September |pmid=22980227 |doi=10.1016/j.hrtlng.2012.07.002 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Temporal arteritis]]
| |
| *[[Thrombophlebitis]]
| |
| *[[Toxoplasma]]
| |
| *[[Treponema pallidum]]
| |
| *[[Tularaemia]]
| |
| *[[Ulcerative colitis]]
| |
| *[[UTI]]
| |
| *[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]
| |
| *[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
| |
| *[[Whipple's disease]]
| |
| *[[Pyelonephritis classification|Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]]
| |
| *[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
| |
| *[[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]]
| |
| }}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |
