Fever classification: Difference between revisions
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* [[Hyperpyrexia]]: Over 42°C (107.6°F) | * [[Hyperpyrexia]]: Over 42°C (107.6°F) | ||
Febricula is a mild fever of short duration, of indefinite origin, and without any distinctive pathology.<ref name=biologyonline>Febricula, definition from [http://www.biology-online.org/ Biology-Online.org], consulted June 7, 2006 [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Febricula http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Febricula]</ref> | |||
===Fever patterns=== | |||
* | * Sustained fever: the fluctuation in temperature during a 24-hour period is 0.3 °C (0.5 °F) or less. | ||
* | * Remittent fever: the temperature is elevated, and it falls each day, but not to normal, remaining 37.3 °C (99.2 °F) or above. The excursion in temperature is more than 0.3 °C (0.5 °F) and less than 1.4 °C (2.5 °F). | ||
*Intermittent fever: | * Intermittent fever: the temperature is elevated but falls to normal (37.2 °C [99 °F] or below) each day. The excursion in temperature is more than 0.3 °C (0.5 °F) and less than 1.4 °C (2.5 °F). | ||
* Hectic fever: remittent or intermittent fever, with a difference of 1.4 °C (2.5 °F) or more between peak and trough.<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 0003-9926| volume = 139| issue = 11| pages = 1225–1228| last1 = Musher| first1 = D. M.| last2 = Fainstein| first2 = V.| last3 = Young| first3 = E. J.| last4 = Pruett| first4 = T. L.| title = Fever patterns. Their lack of clinical significance| journal = Archives of Internal Medicine| date = 1979-11| pmid = 574377}}</ref> | |||
===Fever patterns and their clinical significance=== | |||
The periodicity of fever generally offers little diagnostic value in ascertaining the etiology of fever. Characteristic fever patterns include:<ref>{{cite book | last = Isaac | first = Benedict | title = Unexplained fever : a guide to the diagnosis and management of febrile states in medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and subspecialties | publisher = CRC Press | location = Boca Raton | year = 1991 | isbn = 9780849345562 }}</ref> | |||
* Sustained fever (suggestive of [[brucellosis]], [[drug fever]], [[lobar pneumonia]], [[tularemia]], [[typhoid]], [[typhus]]) | |||
* Remittent fever (suggestive of [[tuberculosis]], [[mycoplasma pneumonia]], [[malaria]], [[legionellosis]]) | |||
* Intermittent fever (suggestive of [[malaria]], [[Visceral leishmaniasis|kala-azar]], [[pyaemia]]) | |||
:* Double quotidian fever (suggestive of [[Still's disease]], [[legionellosis]], [[miliary tuberculosis]], [[kala-azar]]) | |||
:* Quotidian fever (suggestive of ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]'' or ''[[Plasmodium knowlesi]]'' [[malaria]]) | |||
:* Tertian fever (suggestive of ''[[Plasmodium vivax]]'' or ''[[Plasmodium ovale]]'' [[malaria]]) | |||
:* Quartan fever (suggestive of ''[[Plasmodium malariae]]'' [[malaria]]) | |||
:* Alternate-day fever (suggestive of response to [[antipyretic]] [[dosage|dosage schedule]]) | |||
* Hyperpyrexia (suggestive of [[intracranial hemorrhage]], [[septicemia]], [[Kawasaki disease]], [[thyroid storm]], [[drug fever]]) | |||
* Hectic or spiking pattern (suggestive of [[biliary tract|biliary]] or [[urinary tract infection]], [[endocarditis]]) | |||
* Morning temperature spikes (s/o [[typhoid fever]], [[tuberculosis]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]]) | |||
* Relapsing pattern (suggestive of ''[[relapsing fever|Borrelia recurrentis]]'', [[typhoid fever]], [[malaria]], [[brucellosis]], [[rat-bite fever]]) | |||
* Irregular pattern (suggestive of [[fever|factitious fever]]) | |||
* Pel-Ebstein pattern (suggestive of [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]]) | |||
* Picket fence pattern (suggestive of [[mastoiditis|acute mastoiditis]] complicated by [[transverse sinus]] [[thrombosis]]) | |||
* Saddleback pattern (suggestive of [[dengue fever]], [[leptospirosis]], [[poliomyelitis]], [[human granulocytic ehrlichiosis]]) | |||
* Wunderlich curve pattern (suggestive of [[typhoid fever]]) | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Physical examination]] | [[Category:Physical examination]] | ||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:44, 29 July 2020
Fever Microchapters |
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Fever classification On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Fever classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Classification
Pyrexia (fever) can be classed as:
- Low grade: 38–39°C (100.4–102.2°F)
- Moderate: 39–40°C (102.2–104.0°F)
- High-grade: 40–42°C (104.0–107.6°F)
- Hyperpyrexia: Over 42°C (107.6°F)
Febricula is a mild fever of short duration, of indefinite origin, and without any distinctive pathology.[1]
Fever patterns
- Sustained fever: the fluctuation in temperature during a 24-hour period is 0.3 °C (0.5 °F) or less.
- Remittent fever: the temperature is elevated, and it falls each day, but not to normal, remaining 37.3 °C (99.2 °F) or above. The excursion in temperature is more than 0.3 °C (0.5 °F) and less than 1.4 °C (2.5 °F).
- Intermittent fever: the temperature is elevated but falls to normal (37.2 °C [99 °F] or below) each day. The excursion in temperature is more than 0.3 °C (0.5 °F) and less than 1.4 °C (2.5 °F).
- Hectic fever: remittent or intermittent fever, with a difference of 1.4 °C (2.5 °F) or more between peak and trough.[2]
Fever patterns and their clinical significance
The periodicity of fever generally offers little diagnostic value in ascertaining the etiology of fever. Characteristic fever patterns include:[3]
- Sustained fever (suggestive of brucellosis, drug fever, lobar pneumonia, tularemia, typhoid, typhus)
- Remittent fever (suggestive of tuberculosis, mycoplasma pneumonia, malaria, legionellosis)
- Intermittent fever (suggestive of malaria, kala-azar, pyaemia)
- Double quotidian fever (suggestive of Still's disease, legionellosis, miliary tuberculosis, kala-azar)
- Quotidian fever (suggestive of Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium knowlesi malaria)
- Tertian fever (suggestive of Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale malaria)
- Quartan fever (suggestive of Plasmodium malariae malaria)
- Alternate-day fever (suggestive of response to antipyretic dosage schedule)
- Hyperpyrexia (suggestive of intracranial hemorrhage, septicemia, Kawasaki disease, thyroid storm, drug fever)
- Hectic or spiking pattern (suggestive of biliary or urinary tract infection, endocarditis)
- Morning temperature spikes (s/o typhoid fever, tuberculosis, polyarteritis nodosa)
- Relapsing pattern (suggestive of Borrelia recurrentis, typhoid fever, malaria, brucellosis, rat-bite fever)
- Irregular pattern (suggestive of factitious fever)
- Pel-Ebstein pattern (suggestive of Hodgkin's lymphoma)
- Picket fence pattern (suggestive of acute mastoiditis complicated by transverse sinus thrombosis)
- Saddleback pattern (suggestive of dengue fever, leptospirosis, poliomyelitis, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis)
- Wunderlich curve pattern (suggestive of typhoid fever)
References
- ↑ Febricula, definition from Biology-Online.org, consulted June 7, 2006 http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Febricula
- ↑ Musher, D. M.; Fainstein, V.; Young, E. J.; Pruett, T. L. (1979-11). "Fever patterns. Their lack of clinical significance". Archives of Internal Medicine. 139 (11): 1225–1228. ISSN 0003-9926. PMID 574377. Check date values in:
|date=
(help) - ↑ Isaac, Benedict (1991). Unexplained fever : a guide to the diagnosis and management of febrile states in medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and subspecialties. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 9780849345562.