Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma diagnostic study of choice: Difference between revisions

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=== Study of choice ===
=== Study of choice ===
[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
Investigations:


OR
* Pathological examination of frozen section specimen may be misled the NK/T cell diagnosis.<ref name="HarabuchiTakahara2019">{{cite journal|last1=Harabuchi|first1=Yasuaki|last2=Takahara|first2=Miki|last3=Kishibe|first3=Kan|last4=Nagato|first4=Toshihiro|last5=Kumai|first5=Takumi|title=Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: Basic Science and Clinical Progress|journal=Frontiers in Pediatrics|volume=7|year=2019|issn=2296-2360|doi=10.3389/fped.2019.00141}}</ref>
 
* Circulating cell free EBV DNA levels by RT-PCR is a diagnostic factor for EBV assosiated malignancies<ref name="HarabuchiImai1996">{{cite journal|last1=Harabuchi|first1=Yasuaki|last2=Imai|first2=Shosuke|last3=Wakashima|first3=Junichi|last4=Hirao|first4=Motoyasu|last5=Kataura|first5=Akikatsu|last6=Osato|first6=Toyoro|last7=Kon|first7=Shinichiro|title=Nasal T-cell lymphoma causally associated with Epstein-Barr virus: Clinicopathologic, phenotypic, and genotypic studies|journal=Cancer|volume=77|issue=10|year=1996|pages=2137–2149|issn=0008-543X|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960515)77:10<2137::AID-CNCR27>3.0.CO;2-V}}</ref>, Like extranodal/NK T cell lymphoma.<ref name="LeiChan2000">{{cite journal|last1=Lei|first1=Kenny I. K.|last2=Chan|first2=Lisa Y.S.|last3=Chan|first3=Wing Y.|last4=Johnson|first4=Philip J.|last5=Lo|first5=Y. M. Dennis|title=Quantitative analysis of circulating cell-free Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels in patients with EBV-associated lymphoid malignancies|journal=British Journal of Haematology|volume=111|issue=1|year=2000|pages=239–246|issn=0007-1048|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02344.x}}</ref>
The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
* Measuring both Bam HI W DNA and LMP1 DNA is more useful as a prognosis predictor, these DNAs will decrease with treatment and increase with relapse.<ref name="IshiiOgino2007">{{cite journal|last1=Ishii|first1=Hideyuki|last2=Ogino|first2=Takeshi|last3=Berger|first3=Christoph|last4=Köchli-Schmitz|first4=Nicole|last5=Nagato|first5=Toshihiro|last6=Takahara|first6=Miki|last7=Nadal|first7=David|last8=Harabuchi|first8=Yasuaki|title=Clinical usefulness of serum EBV DNA levels of BamHI W and LMP1 for Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma|journal=Journal of Medical Virology|volume=79|issue=5|year=2007|pages=562–572|issn=01466615|doi=10.1002/jmv.20853}}</ref>
* [Result 1]
* Recently, determination of negative immune checkpoints are considered as a drug target<ref name="TaubeKlein2014">{{cite journal|last1=Taube|first1=J. M.|last2=Klein|first2=A.|last3=Brahmer|first3=J. R.|last4=Xu|first4=H.|last5=Pan|first5=X.|last6=Kim|first6=J. H.|last7=Chen|first7=L.|last8=Pardoll|first8=D. M.|last9=Topalian|first9=S. L.|last10=Anders|first10=R. A.|title=Association of PD-1, PD-1 Ligands, and Other Features of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment with Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy|journal=Clinical Cancer Research|volume=20|issue=19|year=2014|pages=5064–5074|issn=1078-0432|doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-3271}}</ref>,in the case of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, PD-L1 will be expressed in the tumor, and patients with higher concenteration of soluble PD-L1 showed worse prognosis.<ref name="NagatoOhkuri2017">{{cite journal|last1=Nagato|first1=Toshihiro|last2=Ohkuri|first2=Takayuki|last3=Ohara|first3=Kenzo|last4=Hirata|first4=Yui|last5=Kishibe|first5=Kan|last6=Komabayashi|first6=Yuki|last7=Ueda|first7=Seigo|last8=Takahara|first8=Miki|last9=Kumai|first9=Takumi|last10=Ishibashi|first10=Kei|last11=Kosaka|first11=Akemi|last12=Aoki|first12=Naoko|last13=Oikawa|first13=Kensuke|last14=Uno|first14=Yuji|last15=Akiyama|first15=Naoko|last16=Sado|first16=Masatoshi|last17=Takei|first17=Hidehiro|last18=Celis|first18=Esteban|last19=Harabuchi|first19=Yasuaki|last20=Kobayashi|first20=Hiroya|title=Programmed death-ligand 1 and its soluble form are highly expressed in nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: a potential rationale for immunotherapy|journal=Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy|volume=66|issue=7|year=2017|pages=877–890|issn=0340-7004|doi=10.1007/s00262-017-1987-x}}</ref>
* [Result 2]
 
OR
 
[Name of the investigation] must be performed when:
* The patient presents with [symptom/sign 1], [symptom/sign 2], and [symptom/sign 3].
* A [name of test] is positive for [sign 1], [sign 2], and [sign 3] in the patient.
 
OR
 
[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
 
OR
 
The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].
 
OR
 
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].  
 
OR
 
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
 
OR
 
[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on the clinical presentation.
 
OR
 
Investigations:
* Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
* Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
* Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.


==== The comparison of various diagnostic studies for [disease name] ====
<br />
{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | Test
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Sensitivity
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specificity
|-
! style="background: #696969; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Test 1
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
|-
! style="background: #696969; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Test 2
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
|}
<small> [Name of test with higher sensitivity and specificity] is the preferred investigation based on the sensitivity and specificity</small>


===== Diagnostic results =====
===== Diagnostic results =====

Revision as of 13:54, 28 August 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Diagnostic Study of Choice

Study of choice

Investigations:

  • Pathological examination of frozen section specimen may be misled the NK/T cell diagnosis.[1]
  • Circulating cell free EBV DNA levels by RT-PCR is a diagnostic factor for EBV assosiated malignancies[2], Like extranodal/NK T cell lymphoma.[3]
  • Measuring both Bam HI W DNA and LMP1 DNA is more useful as a prognosis predictor, these DNAs will decrease with treatment and increase with relapse.[4]
  • Recently, determination of negative immune checkpoints are considered as a drug target[5],in the case of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, PD-L1 will be expressed in the tumor, and patients with higher concenteration of soluble PD-L1 showed worse prognosis.[6]


Diagnostic results

The following finding(s) on performing [investigation name] is(are) confirmatory for [disease name]:

  • [Finding 1]
  • [Finding 2]
Sequence of Diagnostic Studies

The [name of investigation] must be performed when:

  • The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
  • A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.

OR

The various investigations must be performed in the following order:

  • [Initial investigation]
  • [2nd investigation]

Name of Diagnostic Criteria

It is recommended that you include the criteria in a table. Make sure you always cite the source of the content and whether the table has been adapted from another source.

[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on clinical presentation. There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].

OR

There is no single diagnostic study of choice for [disease name], though [disease name] may be diagnosed based on [name of criteria] established by [...].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

[Disease name] may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following criteria are met:

  • Criteria 1
  • Criteria 2
  • Criteria 3

OR

IF there are clear, established diagnostic criteria

The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].

OR

IF there are no established diagnostic criteria

There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].

References

  1. ↑ Harabuchi, Yasuaki; Takahara, Miki; Kishibe, Kan; Nagato, Toshihiro; Kumai, Takumi (2019). "Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: Basic Science and Clinical Progress". Frontiers in Pediatrics. 7. doi:10.3389/fped.2019.00141. ISSN 2296-2360.
  2. ↑ Harabuchi, Yasuaki; Imai, Shosuke; Wakashima, Junichi; Hirao, Motoyasu; Kataura, Akikatsu; Osato, Toyoro; Kon, Shinichiro (1996). "Nasal T-cell lymphoma causally associated with Epstein-Barr virus: Clinicopathologic, phenotypic, and genotypic studies". Cancer. 77 (10): 2137–2149. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960515)77:10<2137::AID-CNCR27>3.0.CO;2-V. ISSN 0008-543X.
  3. ↑ Lei, Kenny I. K.; Chan, Lisa Y.S.; Chan, Wing Y.; Johnson, Philip J.; Lo, Y. M. Dennis (2000). "Quantitative analysis of circulating cell-free Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels in patients with EBV-associated lymphoid malignancies". British Journal of Haematology. 111 (1): 239–246. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02344.x. ISSN 0007-1048.
  4. ↑ Ishii, Hideyuki; Ogino, Takeshi; Berger, Christoph; Köchli-Schmitz, Nicole; Nagato, Toshihiro; Takahara, Miki; Nadal, David; Harabuchi, Yasuaki (2007). "Clinical usefulness of serum EBV DNA levels of BamHI W and LMP1 for Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma". Journal of Medical Virology. 79 (5): 562–572. doi:10.1002/jmv.20853. ISSN 0146-6615.
  5. ↑ Taube, J. M.; Klein, A.; Brahmer, J. R.; Xu, H.; Pan, X.; Kim, J. H.; Chen, L.; Pardoll, D. M.; Topalian, S. L.; Anders, R. A. (2014). "Association of PD-1, PD-1 Ligands, and Other Features of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment with Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy". Clinical Cancer Research. 20 (19): 5064–5074. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-3271. ISSN 1078-0432.
  6. ↑ Nagato, Toshihiro; Ohkuri, Takayuki; Ohara, Kenzo; Hirata, Yui; Kishibe, Kan; Komabayashi, Yuki; Ueda, Seigo; Takahara, Miki; Kumai, Takumi; Ishibashi, Kei; Kosaka, Akemi; Aoki, Naoko; Oikawa, Kensuke; Uno, Yuji; Akiyama, Naoko; Sado, Masatoshi; Takei, Hidehiro; Celis, Esteban; Harabuchi, Yasuaki; Kobayashi, Hiroya (2017). "Programmed death-ligand 1 and its soluble form are highly expressed in nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: a potential rationale for immunotherapy". Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy. 66 (7): 877–890. doi:10.1007/s00262-017-1987-x. ISSN 0340-7004.

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