Erysipelas natural history, complications and prognosis
|
Erysipelas Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Erysipelas natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Erysipelas natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
FDA on Erysipelas natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
CDC on Erysipelas natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Erysipelas natural history, complications and prognosis in the news |
|
Blogs on Erysipelas natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Erysipelas natural history, complications and prognosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Natural History
- Erysipelas onset begins shortly after streptococcal infection.[1]
- An initial lesion forms with localized erythema and edema
- Advancing from the initial location is rapid, with raised and sharply demarcated boundaries from surrounding unaffected tissue.
- Untreated, the lesions will spread, while the initial manifestation resolves.
- Systemic symptoms, including fever, chills, and vomiting may occur as the inflammation persists and spreads.
- If left untreated, Erysipelas will not usually be self-resolved and can lead to life-threatening complications.[2]
Complications
Complications of Erysipelas occur if the infectious pathogen is not treated, including the following:
- Increased severity of lesions, including haemorrhagic, bullous, abscessing and necrotic[3]
- Osteoarticular complications, including bursitis, osteitis, tendinitis, and arthritis[4]
- Bacteremia, resulting from spread of infection from the epidermis to the bloodstream.[5]
Spread of infection to other areas of body through the bloodstream (bacteremia), including septic arthritis and infective endocarditis (heart valves).
- Septic shock[6]
- Chronic, recurrent Erysipelas due to increased susceptibility from damaged cutaneous lymph vessels[7]
- Meninigitis if the infection is localized in the face and spreads below the dermis and into the brain and spinal cord
- Gangrene
- Acute glomerulonephritis[8]
- Thrombophlebitis[9]
- Lymphatic damage and lymphedema[2]
- Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome[1]
- Necrotizing fasciitis -- AKA "the flesh-eating bug." A potentially-deadly exacerbation of the infection if it spreads to deeper tissue.
Prognosis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, Stevens DL, Bryant AE. PMID 26866211. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Erysipelas and cellulitis: Overview - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health".
- ↑ Krasagakis K, Samonis G, Valachis A, Maniatakis P, Evangelou G, Tosca A (2011). "Local complications of erysipelas: a study of associated risk factors". Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 36 (4): 351–4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03978.x. PMID 21198795.
- ↑ Coste N, Perceau G, Léone J, Young P, Carsuzaa F, Bernardeau K, Bernard P (2004). "Osteoarticular complications of erysipelas". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 50 (2): 203–9. doi:10.1016/S0190. PMID 14726873.
- ↑ "Erysipelas: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ "Septic shock: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ Koster JB, Kullberg BJ, van der Meer JW (2007). "Recurrent erysipelas despite antibiotic prophylaxis: an analysis from case studies". Neth J Med. 65 (3): 89–94. PMID 17387234.
- ↑ Velciov S, Gluhovschi G, Feier V, Curescu M, Trandafirescu V, Petrică L, Gluhovschi C, Bob F, Bozdog G, Gadalean F, Florescu C, Bobu M, Chiliban A (2010). "Elements of renal injury in patients with erysipelas". Rom J Intern Med. 48 (2): 179–85. PMID 21428183.
- ↑ Gunderson CG, Chang JJ (2013). "Risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients with cellulitis and erysipelas: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Thromb. Res. 132 (3): 336–40. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2013.07.021. PMID 23948644.