Empyema causes: Difference between revisions

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| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ulcer]]
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| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[mastoiditis|Acute mastoiditis]], [[sinusitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes]]
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| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cholecystitis]], [[esophageal rupture]], [[gallbladder empyema]], [[liver abscess]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
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| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung transplantation]], [[pneumonectomy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Actinomyces]], [[mastoiditis|acute mastoiditis]], [[anaerobic infection]], [[bacterial meningitis]], [[bacteroides]], [[brain abscess]], [[bronchiectasis]], [[candida]], [[capnocytophaga]], [[community-acquired pneumonia]], [[echinococcus]], [[entamoeba histolytica]], [[fusobacterium]], [[haemophilus influenzae]], [[HIV]], [[infection]], [[klebsiella pneumoniae]], [[Lemierre's syndrome]], [[liver abscess]], [[lung abscess]], [[mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[mycoplasma hominis]], [[mycoplasma]], [[nocardia]], [[nocardiosis]], [[odontogenic infection]], [[orbital cellulitis]], [[pasteurella multocida]], [[pneumonia]], [[pericarditis|purulent pericarditis]], [[rhodococcus equi]], [[sinusitis]], [[staphylococcus aureus]], [[streptococcus anginosus]], [[streptococcus pneumoniae infection]], [[streptococcus pyogenes]], [[streptococcus]], [[subdural empyema]], [[tularemia]], [[typhoid fever]], [[yersinia]]
|-
|-
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ulcer]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bacterial meningitis]], [[brain abscess]]
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|-
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| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[tumor]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Orbital cellulitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bronchiectasis]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[pleurodesis|chemical pleurodesis]], [[community-acquired pneumonia]], [[lung abscess]], [[lung transplantation]], [[mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[pleural effusion]], [[pneumonectomy]], [[pneumonia]], [[pleurodesis|talc pleurodesis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nephrotic syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic granulomatous disease]], [[immunocompromised]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Fistula]], [[foreign body]], [[ulcer]]
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Revision as of 22:53, 10 January 2016

Empyema Microchapters

Patient Information

Overview

Classification

Subdural empyema
Pleural empyema

Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Before the development of antibiotics, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common bug found in empyemas. More recently, however, anaerobes have become the predominant organism in culture positive empyemas (and therefore careful anaerobic cultures should always be sent when working up parapneumonic effusions). Mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections are also common, and virtually any bug can cause an empyema, however different bugs are associated with different rates of empyema formation.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Purulent pericarditis
Chemical/Poisoning Chemical pleurodesis, talc pleurodesis
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Ulcer
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat Acute mastoiditis, sinusitis
Endocrine Diabetes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Cholecystitis, esophageal rupture, gallbladder empyema, liver abscess
Genetic Chronic granulomatous disease
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Lung transplantation, pneumonectomy
Infectious Disease Actinomyces, acute mastoiditis, anaerobic infection, bacterial meningitis, bacteroides, brain abscess, bronchiectasis, candida, capnocytophaga, community-acquired pneumonia, echinococcus, entamoeba histolytica, fusobacterium, haemophilus influenzae, HIV, infection, klebsiella pneumoniae, Lemierre's syndrome, liver abscess, lung abscess, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma, nocardia, nocardiosis, odontogenic infection, orbital cellulitis, pasteurella multocida, pneumonia, purulent pericarditis, rhodococcus equi, sinusitis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus anginosus, streptococcus pneumoniae infection, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus, subdural empyema, tularemia, typhoid fever, yersinia
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Ulcer
Neurologic Bacterial meningitis, brain abscess
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Bronchogenic carcinoma, tumor
Ophthalmologic Orbital cellulitis
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Bronchiectasis, bronchogenic carcinoma, chemical pleurodesis, community-acquired pneumonia, lung abscess, lung transplantation, mycobacterium tuberculosis, pleural effusion, pneumonectomy, pneumonia, talc pleurodesis
Renal/Electrolyte Nephrotic syndrome
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Chronic granulomatous disease, immunocompromised
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Fistula, foreign body, ulcer

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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2

References

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