Eczema natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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**A higher [[incidence rate]] of [[anxiety disorders]] in [[adolescence]] is observed. These include [[generalized anxiety disorder]] and [[social anxiety disorder]].  
**A higher [[incidence rate]] of [[anxiety disorders]] in [[adolescence]] is observed. These include [[generalized anxiety disorder]] and [[social anxiety disorder]].  
**The [[elderly people]] with [[eczema]] are the most commonly affected with [[depression]]. <ref> Nicholas MN, Gooderham MJ. Atopic Dermatitis, Depression, and Suicidality. J Cutan Med Surg. 2017;21(3):237-242. doi:10.1177/1203475416685078 </ref>
**The [[elderly people]] with [[eczema]] are the most commonly affected with [[depression]]. <ref> Nicholas MN, Gooderham MJ. Atopic Dermatitis, Depression, and Suicidality. J Cutan Med Surg. 2017;21(3):237-242. doi:10.1177/1203475416685078 </ref>
*Table 1 presents the associated [[comorbidities]] and [[complications]] of [[eczema]].
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 1px; width: " align="center" 1000px;"
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|+<big>''' Table 1. Associated [[comorbidities]] and [[complications]] of [[eczema]].'''
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|[[Complications]]}}
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Description}}
|-
|align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA; font-weight: bold" |[[Bacterial Infections]]
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''<ref name="pmiddoi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.023.">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.023. | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref><ref name="pmiddoi: 10.2500/aap.2017.38.4005.">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi: 10.2500/aap.2017.38.4005. | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref> and ''[[Methicillin-resistant S. aureus]]'' colonization. <ref name="pmiddoi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08905.x.">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08905.x. | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref> <ref name="pmiddoi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09679.x.">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09679.x. | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref> <ref name="pmiddoi: 10.1007/s12016-016-8548-5.">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi: 10.1007/s12016-016-8548-5. | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref>
|-
|align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA; font-weight: bold" |[[Viral Infections]]
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Eczema herpeticum]] <ref name="pmiddoi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700657.">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700657. | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref>, [[herpes simplex virus]] <ref name="pmiddoi: 10.3390/jcm4050884.">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi: 10.3390/jcm4050884. | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref>, and [[Molluscum contagiosum]] <ref name="pmidhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpha.2016.06.004.">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpha.2016.06.004. | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref>.
|-
|align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA; font-weight: bold" |[[Fungal Infections]]
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tinea]] <ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40413-016-0137-9">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1186/s40413-016-0137-9 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref>
|-
|align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA; font-weight: bold" |[[Psychological]]
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder]] ([[ADHD]]) and [[speech disorders]]. <ref name="pmiddoi: 10.1111/bjd.14697.">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi: 10.1111/bjd.14697. | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref> <ref name="pmiddoi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.066.">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.066. | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref>
|-
|}


=== Prognosis ===
=== Prognosis ===

Revision as of 17:14, 10 June 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.


Overview

Eczema has regarded as a medical condition with a natural history that occurs consistently. It is characterized as a disease with an early onset, mostly during the childhood period, and remits during the adolescence period. If eczema is left untreated, it can lead to viral, bacterial and fungal infections. Psychological problems could also arise brought about by constant itching.

Eczema Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

  • Eczema has regarded as a medical condition with a natural history that occurs consistently.
  • It is characterized as a disease with an early onset, mostly during the childhood period, and remits during the adolescence period. [1]

Comorbidities

Complications

Prognosis

References

  1. Paternoster L, Savenije OEM, Heron J, et al. Identification of atopic dermatitis subgroups in children from 2 longitudinal birth cohorts. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(3):964-971. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.044
  2. Holgate ST. The epithelium takes centre stage in asthma and atopic dermatitis. Trends Immunol. 2007;28(6):248-251. doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.04.007
  3. Zheng T, Yu J, Oh MH, Zhu Z. The atopic march: progression from atopic dermatitis to allergic rhinitis and asthma. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2011;3(2):67-73. doi:10.4168/aair.2011.3.2.67
  4. de Groot AC. The frequency of contact allergy in atopic patients with dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 1990;22(5):273-277. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01595.x
  5. Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92459-4 Check |pmid= value (help).
  6. Jackson PG, Lessof MH, Baker RW, Ferrett J, MacDonald DM. Intestinal permeability in patients with eczema and food allergy. Lancet. 1981;1(8233):1285-1286. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92459-4
  7. Togias A, Cooper SF, Acebal ML, et al. Addendum guidelines for the prevention of peanut allergy in the United States: Report of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(1):29-44. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.010
  8. Silverberg JI, Kleiman E, Lev-Tov H, et al. Association between obesity and atopic dermatitis in childhood: a case-control study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(5):1180-6.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.063
  9. Yaghmaie P, Koudelka CW, Simpson EL. Mental health comorbidity in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(2):428-433. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.10.041
  10. Buske-Kirschbaum A, Schmitt J, Plessow F, Romanos M, Weidinger S, Roessner V. Psychoendocrine and psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms in the comorbidity of atopic eczema and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38(1):12-23. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.017
  11. Nicholas MN, Gooderham MJ. Atopic Dermatitis, Depression, and Suicidality. J Cutan Med Surg. 2017;21(3):237-242. doi:10.1177/1203475416685078
  12. Meding B, Wrangsjö K, Järvholm B (2005). "Fifteen-year follow-up of hand eczema: persistence and consequences". Br J Dermatol. 152 (5): 975–80. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06494.x. PMID 15888155.
  13. Olesen CM, Agner T, Ebbehøj NE, Carøe TK (2019). "Factors influencing prognosis for occupational hand eczema: new trends". Br J Dermatol. 181 (6): 1280–1286. doi:10.1111/bjd.17870. PMID 30851194.