Dysphagia physical examination: Difference between revisions

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{{Dysphagia}}
{{Dysphagia}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
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==Overview==
==Overview==
A Speech Language Pathologist is most often the first person called upon to evaluate a patient with suspected dysphagia.  During this informal examination, medical history is obtained, the [[mini-mental state examination]] is administered, and oral and facial sensorimotor function, speech, and swallowing are evaluated non-instrumentally.
A speech language pathologist is most often the first person called upon to evaluate a patient with suspected dysphagia.  During this informal examination, medical history is obtained, the [[mini-mental state examination]] is administered, and oral and facial sensorimotor function, speech, and swallowing are evaluated non-instrumentally.


==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==
* Physical examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.  
Physical examination of patients with dysphagia is dependent on the underlying cause.<ref name="ChoChoung2015">{{cite journal|last1=Cho|first1=S. Y.|last2=Choung|first2=R. S.|last3=Saito|first3=Y. A.|last4=Schleck|first4=C. D.|last5=Zinsmeister|first5=A. R.|last6=Locke|first6=G. R.|last7=Talley|first7=N. J.|title=Prevalence and risk factors for dysphagia: a USA community study|journal=Neurogastroenterology & Motility|volume=27|issue=2|year=2015|pages=212–219|issn=13501925|doi=10.1111/nmo.12467}}</ref> Please click the specified disease below to see the full physical exam.
* The mainstay evaluation is by a speech pathologist and a swallowing study.  
 
===Appearance of the Patient===
===Appearance of the Patient===
*Patients with dysphagia usually appear in discomfort.  
*Patients with dysphagia usually appear in discomfort.  
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* HEENT examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.
* HEENT examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.
===Neck===
===Neck===
* Neck examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal, but may presents with masses or swelling of the neck.
* Neck examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal, but may presents with masses or swelling of the neck depending on the underlying cause.  
** Laryngeal Cancer
** [[Laryngeal cancer physical examination|Laryngeal Cancer]]
** Thyroid goiters
** [[Medullary thyroid cancer physical examination|Thyroid goiters]]
** Esophageal cancers
** Esophageal cancers
===Lungs===
===Lungs===
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* Genitourinary examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.
* Genitourinary examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.
===Neuromuscular===
===Neuromuscular===
* Neuromuscular examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.
* Neuromuscular examination of patients with dysphagia is usually dependent on the underlying disease.
* Depending on the underlying disease, dysphagia can occur in:
** [[Ischemic stroke physical examination|Stroke]]
** Stroke
** Neuromuscular disorders
** Neuromuscular disorders
===Extremities===
===Extremities===
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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{{WS}}


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[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
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Latest revision as of 21:30, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]

Overview

A speech language pathologist is most often the first person called upon to evaluate a patient with suspected dysphagia. During this informal examination, medical history is obtained, the mini-mental state examination is administered, and oral and facial sensorimotor function, speech, and swallowing are evaluated non-instrumentally.

Physical Examination

Physical examination of patients with dysphagia is dependent on the underlying cause.[1] Please click the specified disease below to see the full physical exam.

Appearance of the Patient

  • Patients with dysphagia usually appear in discomfort.

Vital Signs

  • Normal

Skin

  • Skin examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.

HEENT

  • HEENT examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.

Neck

  • Neck examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal, but may presents with masses or swelling of the neck depending on the underlying cause.

Lungs

  • Pulmonary examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.

Heart

  • Cardiovascular examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.

Abdomen

Abdominal examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.

Back

  • Back examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.

Genitourinary

  • Genitourinary examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.

Neuromuscular

  • Neuromuscular examination of patients with dysphagia is usually dependent on the underlying disease.
    • Stroke
    • Neuromuscular disorders

Extremities

  • Extremities examination of patients with dysphagia is usually normal.

References

  1. Cho, S. Y.; Choung, R. S.; Saito, Y. A.; Schleck, C. D.; Zinsmeister, A. R.; Locke, G. R.; Talley, N. J. (2015). "Prevalence and risk factors for dysphagia: a USA community study". Neurogastroenterology & Motility. 27 (2): 212–219. doi:10.1111/nmo.12467. ISSN 1350-1925.

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