Diabetic nephropathy physical examination: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy are asymptomatic. However, patients may present with other signs of [[diabetes mellitus]] or [[chronic renal failure]]. The most common signs to look for in patients with diabetic nephropathy are those related to [[hypertension]] and volume overload. Examples include peripheral [[edema]], [[periorbital edema]] and [[shortness of breath]]. In addition, the presence of [[retinopathy]] is a strong indicator that [[kidney]] involvement is due to diabetes and hence, eyes should be examined.<ref name="pmid11948275">{{cite journal |vauthors=Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P |title=Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=15 |pages=1145–51 |year=2002 |pmid=11948275 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp011773 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20054047">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abboud H, Henrich WL |title=Clinical practice. Stage IV chronic kidney disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=362 |issue=1 |pages=56–65 |year=2010 |pmid=20054047 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp0906797 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11948275">{{cite journal |vauthors=Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P |title=Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=15 |pages=1145–51 |year=2002 |pmid=11948275 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp011773 |url=}}</ref>
The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy are asymptomatic. However, patients may present with other signs of [[diabetes mellitus]] or [[chronic renal failure]].  


==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==
* The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy are asymptomatic. However, patients may present with other signs of [[diabetes mellitus]] or [[chronic renal failure]].
* The most common signs to look for in patients with diabetic nephropathy are those related to [[hypertension]] and volume overload. Examples include:


The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy are asymptomatic. However, patients may present with other signs of [[diabetes mellitus]] or [[chronic renal failure]]. The most common signs to look for in patients with diabetic nephropathy are those related to [[hypertension]] and volume overload. Examples include peripheral [[edema]], [[periorbital edema]] and [[shortness of breath]]. In addition, the presence of [[retinopathy]] is a strong indicator that [[kidney]] involvement is due to diabetes and hence, eyes should be examined.<ref name="pmid11948275">{{cite journal |vauthors=Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P |title=Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=15 |pages=1145–51 |year=2002 |pmid=11948275 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp011773 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20054047">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abboud H, Henrich WL |title=Clinical practice. Stage IV chronic kidney disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=362 |issue=1 |pages=56–65 |year=2010 |pmid=20054047 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp0906797 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11948275">{{cite journal |vauthors=Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P |title=Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=15 |pages=1145–51 |year=2002 |pmid=11948275 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp011773 |url=}}</ref><br>
** Peripheral [[edema]],  
 
** [[Periorbital edema]] and  
'''For full physical examination findings of [[chronic renal failure]], click [[Chronic renal failure physical examination|here]]''' <br>
** [[Shortness of breath]].  
'''For full physical examination findings of [[diabetes mellitus]], click [[Diabetes mellitus physical examination|here]]'''
** [[Retinopathy]] is a strong indicator that [[kidney]] involvement.<ref name="pmid11948275">{{cite journal |vauthors=Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P |title=Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=15 |pages=1145–51 |year=2002 |pmid=11948275 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp011773 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20054047">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abboud H, Henrich WL |title=Clinical practice. Stage IV chronic kidney disease |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=362 |issue=1 |pages=56–65 |year=2010 |pmid=20054047 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp0906797 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11948275">{{cite journal |vauthors=Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P |title=Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=346 |issue=15 |pages=1145–51 |year=2002 |pmid=11948275 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp011773 |url=}}</ref><br>
'''For full physical examination findings of [[chronic renal failure]], click [[Chronic renal failure physical examination|here]].''' <br>'''For full physical examination findings of [[diabetes mellitus]], click [[Diabetes mellitus physical examination|here]].'''


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 17:41, 16 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]

Overview

The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy are asymptomatic. However, patients may present with other signs of diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure.

Physical Examination

  • The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy are asymptomatic. However, patients may present with other signs of diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure.
  • The most common signs to look for in patients with diabetic nephropathy are those related to hypertension and volume overload. Examples include:

For full physical examination findings of chronic renal failure, click here.
For full physical examination findings of diabetes mellitus, click here.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P (2002). "Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes". N. Engl. J. Med. 346 (15): 1145–51. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp011773. PMID 11948275.
  2. Abboud H, Henrich WL (2010). "Clinical practice. Stage IV chronic kidney disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 362 (1): 56–65. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0906797. PMID 20054047.

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