Cystitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include [[diabetes]], [[pregnancy]], [[catheterization]], bowel [[incontinence]], old age, and immobility. | Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include [[diabetes]], [[pregnancy]], [[catheterization]], bowel [[incontinence]], old age, and immobility. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include:<ref name=hhh> Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid10969044">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update. | journal=J Antimicrob Chemother | year= 2000 | volume= 46 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 1-7 | pmid=10969044 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10969044 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18061019">{{cite journal| author=Nicolle LE| title=Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis. | journal=Urol Clin North Am | year= 2008 | volume= 35 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-12, v | pmid=18061019 | doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18061019 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22289552">{{cite journal| author=Zhong YH, Fang Y, Zhou JZ, Tang Y, Gong SM, Ding XQ| title=Effectiveness and safety of patient initiated single-dose versus continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. | journal=J Int Med Res | year= 2011 | volume= 39 | issue= 6 | pages= 2335-43 | pmid=22289552 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22289552 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11341472">{{cite journal| author=Nicolle LE| title=A practical guide to antimicrobial management of complicated urinary tract infection. | journal=Drugs Aging | year= 2001 | volume= 18 | issue= 4 | pages= 243-54 | pmid=11341472 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11341472 }} </ref> | Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include:<ref name=hhh> Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid10969044">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM| title=Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update. | journal=J Antimicrob Chemother | year= 2000 | volume= 46 Suppl A | issue= | pages= 1-7 | pmid=10969044 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10969044 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18061019">{{cite journal| author=Nicolle LE| title=Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis. | journal=Urol Clin North Am | year= 2008 | volume= 35 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-12, v | pmid=18061019 | doi=10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18061019 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22289552">{{cite journal| author=Zhong YH, Fang Y, Zhou JZ, Tang Y, Gong SM, Ding XQ| title=Effectiveness and safety of patient initiated single-dose versus continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. | journal=J Int Med Res | year= 2011 | volume= 39 | issue= 6 | pages= 2335-43 | pmid=22289552 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22289552 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11341472">{{cite journal| author=Nicolle LE| title=A practical guide to antimicrobial management of complicated urinary tract infection. | journal=Drugs Aging | year= 2001 | volume= 18 | issue= 4 | pages= 243-54 | pmid=11341472 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11341472 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16298166">{{cite journal| author=Franco AV| title=Recurrent urinary tract infections. | journal=Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol | year= 2005 | volume= 19 | issue= 6 | pages= 861-73 | pmid=16298166 | doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2005.08.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16298166 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Catheterization]] | *[[Catheterization]] | ||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
*Use of a diaphragm with spermicide | *Use of a diaphragm with spermicide | ||
*Post menopausal status | *Post menopausal status | ||
*Antimicrobial drugs | |||
*Oestrogen use | |||
*Genetic predisposition | |||
*Distance of the urethra from the anus | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:44, 6 January 2017
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Cystitis risk factors On the Web | |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include diabetes, pregnancy, catheterization, bowel incontinence, old age, and immobility.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of cystitis include:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- Catheterization
- Sexual intercourse (females)
- Lack of circumcision
- Any blockage of the bladder or urethra
- Diabetes
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy
- Bowel incontinence
- Old age
- Pregnancy
- Urinary retention
- Procedures that involve the urinary tract
- Immobility
- Use of a diaphragm with spermicide
- Post menopausal status
- Antimicrobial drugs
- Oestrogen use
- Genetic predisposition
- Distance of the urethra from the anus
References
- ↑ Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016
- ↑ Hooton TM (2000). "Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update". J Antimicrob Chemother. 46 Suppl A: 1–7. PMID 10969044.
- ↑ Nicolle LE (2008). "Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis". Urol Clin North Am. 35 (1): 1–12, v. doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004. PMID 18061019.
- ↑ Zhong YH, Fang Y, Zhou JZ, Tang Y, Gong SM, Ding XQ (2011). "Effectiveness and safety of patient initiated single-dose versus continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study". J Int Med Res. 39 (6): 2335–43. PMID 22289552.
- ↑ Nicolle LE (2001). "A practical guide to antimicrobial management of complicated urinary tract infection". Drugs Aging. 18 (4): 243–54. PMID 11341472.
- ↑ Franco AV (2005). "Recurrent urinary tract infections". Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 19 (6): 861–73. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2005.08.003. PMID 16298166.