Craniopharyngioma differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Differentiating Craniopharyngioma from other Diseases

There are various conditions that must be differentiated from craniopharyngioma clinically:

  • Pituitary adenoma
  • Optic chiasma glioma
  • Tuberculum sellae meningioma
  • Tumor of third ventricle
  • Lateral ventricles chorioidopapilloma

General imaging differential considerations include:

  • Rathke cleft cyst
    • No solid or enhancing component
    • Calcification is rare
    • Unilocular
    • Majority are completely or mostly intrasellar
  • Pituitary macroadenoma (with cystic degeneration or necrosis)
    • Can look very similar
    • Usually has intrasellar epicentre with pituitary fossa enlargement rather than suprasellar epicentre
    • Despite occasional presence of T1 bright cystic regions, calcification in these cases is often absent (whereas most adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas are calcified)
  • Intracranial teratoma
    • Presence of fat is helpful, but requires fat saturated sequences or CT to confirm

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