Cowden syndrome physical examination: Difference between revisions
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===Lungs=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
* Pulmonary examination of patients with [ | * Pulmonary examination of patients with [[cowden syndrome]] is usually normal. | ||
===Heart=== | ===Heart=== | ||
* Cardiovascular examination of patients with [ | * Cardiovascular examination of patients with [[cowden syndrome]] is usually normal. | ||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
* Abdominal examination of patients with [ | * Abdominal examination of patients with [[cowden syndrome]] is usually normal. | ||
===Genitourinary=== | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
* Genitourinary examination of patients with [ | * Genitourinary examination of patients with [[cowden syndrome]] is usually normal. | ||
===Neuromuscular=== | ===Neuromuscular=== | ||
* Neuromuscular examination of patients with [ | * Neuromuscular examination of patients with [[cowden syndrome]] is usually normal. | ||
* | * | ||
===Extremities=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
* Extremities examination of patients with [ | * Extremities examination of patients with [[cowden syndrome]] is usually normal. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 15:28, 6 March 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Common physical examination findings of cowden syndrome include trichilemmomas, acral keratoses, and facial papules.The presence of trichilemmomas on physical examination is highly suggestive of cowden syndrome.
Physical Examination
Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with cowden syndrome usually appear normal.
Vital Signs
- Vital signs are normal in patients with cowden syndrome.
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with cowden syndrome is very important and helps in the diagnosis
- Trichilemmomas:
- Trichilemmomas are solitary sporadic lesion which arise from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle.[1][2][3]
- Trichilemmomas are most commonly occurs in face and neck areas of the body parts.
- Trichilemmomas are hallmark clinical sign of cowden syndrome patients.
- On gross examination trichilemmomas are wart-like and skin-colored papules.
- On histology examination trichilemmomas are contain large glycogen-rich cells.
- Biopsy of the trichilemmomas helps in the diagnosis of the cowden syndrome .
- Trichilemmomas:
- Acral keratoses:
- Facial papules
- Oral papules and papillomas
- The location of oral papules and papillomas are most commonly in lips and buccal mucous membranes which are pink in colour and 1 to 4 mm in diameter size.[8][9]
- When the papules coalesce they form as cobblestone appearance.
- Palmar keratosis
- In patients with cowden syndrome palmar keratosis presents as shiny with central dells.
- Lipomas
- Epidermal nevi
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with cowden syndrome is usually normal.
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with cowden syndrome is usually normal.
Abdomen
- Abdominal examination of patients with cowden syndrome is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Genitourinary examination of patients with cowden syndrome is usually normal.
Neuromuscular
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with cowden syndrome is usually normal.
Extremities
- Extremities examination of patients with cowden syndrome is usually normal.
References
- ↑ Al-Zaid T, Ditelberg JS, Prieto VG, Lev D, Luthra R, Davies MA, Diwan AH, Wang WL, Lazar AJ (May 2012). "Trichilemmomas show loss of PTEN in Cowden syndrome but only rarely in sporadic tumors". J. Cutan. Pathol. 39 (5): 493–9. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2012.01888.x. PMID 22486434.
- ↑ Brownstein MH, Mehregan AH, Bikowski JB, Lupulescu A, Patterson JC (June 1979). "The dermatopathology of Cowden's syndrome". Br. J. Dermatol. 100 (6): 667–73. PMID 465314.
- ↑ Tellechea O, Cardoso JC, Reis JP, Ramos L, Gameiro AR, Coutinho I, Baptista AP (2015). "Benign follicular tumors". An Bras Dermatol. 90 (6): 780–96, quiz 797–8. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20154114. PMC 4689065. PMID 26734858.
- ↑ Masmoudi A, Chermi ZM, Marrekchi S, Raida BS, Boudaya S, Mseddi M, Jalel MT, Turki H (March 2011). "Cowden syndrome". J Dermatol Case Rep. 5 (1): 8–13. doi:10.3315/jdcr.2011.1063. PMC 3163352. PMID 21886759.
- ↑ Starink TM, van der Veen JP, Arwert F, de Waal LP, de Lange GG, Gille JJ, Eriksson AW (March 1986). "The Cowden syndrome: a clinical and genetic study in 21 patients". Clin. Genet. 29 (3): 222–33. PMID 3698331.
- ↑ Masmoudi A, Chermi ZM, Marrekchi S, Raida BS, Boudaya S, Mseddi M, Jalel MT, Turki H (March 2011). "Cowden syndrome". J Dermatol Case Rep. 5 (1): 8–13. doi:10.3315/jdcr.2011.1063. PMC 3163352. PMID 21886759.
- ↑ Starink TM, van der Veen JP, Arwert F, de Waal LP, de Lange GG, Gille JJ, Eriksson AW (March 1986). "The Cowden syndrome: a clinical and genetic study in 21 patients". Clin. Genet. 29 (3): 222–33. PMID 3698331.
- ↑ Masmoudi A, Chermi ZM, Marrekchi S, Raida BS, Boudaya S, Mseddi M, Jalel MT, Turki H (March 2011). "Cowden syndrome". J Dermatol Case Rep. 5 (1): 8–13. doi:10.3315/jdcr.2011.1063. PMC 3163352. PMID 21886759.
- ↑ Brownstein MH, Mehregan AH, Bikowski JB, Lupulescu A, Patterson JC (June 1979). "The dermatopathology of Cowden's syndrome". Br. J. Dermatol. 100 (6): 667–73. PMID 465314.
- ↑ "Epidermal nevi in Cowden syndrome".
