Coccidioidomycosis: Difference between revisions

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==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Coccidioidomycosis medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Coccidioidomycosis surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Coccidioidomycosis primary prevention|Primary prevention]]  | [[Coccidioidomycosis secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Coccidioidomycosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Coccidioidomycosis future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]
[[Coccidioidomycosis medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Coccidioidomycosis surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Coccidioidomycosis primary prevention|Primary prevention]]  | [[Coccidioidomycosis secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Coccidioidomycosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Coccidioidomycosis future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]
==Occurrence==
California state prisons have been particularly affected by Coccidioidomycosis, as far back as 1919. In 2005 and 2006, the Pleasant Valley State Prison near Coalinga and Avenal State Prison near Avenal on the western side of the San Joaquin Valley had the highest incidence rate in 2005, of at least 3,000 per 100,000 [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1196/annals.1406.011].


==Biological Warfare==
==Biological Warfare==

Revision as of 14:37, 1 February 2012

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Coccidioidomycosis Microchapters

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Overview

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Coccidioides immitis
Coccidioides posadasii

Differentiating Coccidioidomycosis from other Diseases

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Risk Factors

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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]


Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology & Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Causes

Differentiating Coccidioidomycosis

Complications & Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Staging | Laboratory tests | Electrocardiogram | X Rays | CT | MRI Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other images | Alternative diagnostics

Treatment

Medical therapy | Surgical options | Primary prevention | Secondary prevention | Financial costs | Future therapies

Biological Warfare

C. immitis was investigated by the United States during the 1950s and 1960s as a potential biological weapon. The Cash strain received the military symbol OC, and original hopes were for its use as an incapacitant. As medical epidemiology later made clear, OC would have lethal effects on several segments of the population, so it was later considered a lethal agent. It was never standardized, and beyond a few field trials, it was never weaponized. Most military work on OC was on vaccines by the mid-1960s.

Diagnostic test

The fungal infection can be demonstrated by microscopic detection of diagnostic cells in body fluids, exudates, sputum and biopsy-tissue. With specific nucleotide primers C.immitis DNA can be amplified by PCR. It can also be detected in culture by morphological identification or by using molecular probes that hybridize with C.immitis RNA. An indirect demonstration of fungal infection can be achieved also by serologic analysis detecting fungal antigen or host antibody produced against the fungus.

Pathology

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Popular culture

The illness is mentioned in episode Lines in the Sand of the TV Show House, as the cause of a young girl's loss of inhibition. The illness does not actually cause loss of inhibition, nor does it cause milky tears. This was not a factual error in the episode: House was tricking the girl, however this was not obvious to many viewers.

It is also the center of an episode of the TV series Bones, The Man In the Fallout Shelter. After being exposed to the fungus, the team was quarantined over Christmas to determine whether or not they had become infected. It was erroneously claimed to be contagious from person to person.

References

External links

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