Cholera medical therapy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]
Overview
In most cases, cholera can be successfully treated with oral rehydration therapy (ORT), which is highly effective, safe, and simple to administer. In severe cases with significant dehydration, intravenous rehydration may be necessary. Ringer's lactate is the preferred solution, often with added potassium.[1]
- Fluoroquinolones, such as norfloxacin, also may be used, but resistance has been reported.[2]
- Young children: erythromycin 12,5 mg/kg 4 time/day for 3 days
- for children below 6 months of age: 10 mg daily for 10 days add zinc
- for children 6 months to 5 years of age: 20mg daily for 10 days add zinc
- In many areas of the world, antibiotic resistance is increasing. Testing for resistance during an outbreak can help determine appropriate future choices. In Bangladesh, for example, most cases are resistant to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and erythromycin. Rapid diagnostic assay methods are available for the identification of multiple drug-resistant cases.[3] New generation antimicrobials have been discovered which are effective against in in vitro studies.[4]
Nutrition
- Proper attention on nutrition is important as patients with cholera often ignore nutrition due to diarrhea and vomiting. This may lead to hypoglycemia and associated complications like seizure, coma and even death in pediatrics population.
- Provide frequent small meals with familiar foods during the first two days rather than infrequent large meals
- Breastfeeding of infants and young children should continue
References
- ↑
- ↑ Krishna BV, Patil AB, Chandrasekhar MR (2006). "Fluoroquinolone-resistant Vibrio cholerae isolated during a cholera outbreak in India". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 100 (3): 224–6. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.07.007. PMID 16246383. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Mackay IM (editor) (2007). Real-Time PCR in microbiology: From diagnosis to characterization. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-18-9.
- ↑ Ramamurthy T (2008). "Antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae". Vibrio cholerae: Genomics and molecular biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-33-2.