Chlamydia infection laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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*Insensitive for diagnosing adult conjuctival and genital infection | *Insensitive for diagnosing adult conjuctival and genital infection | ||
==Antigen detection tests== | |||
'''Nucleic acid amplification tests(NAATS)'''<ref name="pmid12418541">{{cite journal| author=Johnson RE, Newhall WJ, Papp JR, Knapp JS, Black CM, Gift TL et al.| title=Screening tests to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections--2002. | journal=MMWR Recomm Rep | year= 2002 | volume= 51 | issue= RR-15 | pages= 1-38; quiz CE1-4 | pmid=12418541 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12418541 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24843434">{{cite journal| author=Nakamura A, Osonoi T, Terauchi Y| title=Relationship between urinary sodium excretion and pioglitazone-induced edema. | journal=J Diabetes Investig | year= 2010 | volume= 1 | issue= 5 | pages= 208-11 | pmid=24843434 | doi=10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00046.x | pmc=4020723 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24843434 }} </ref><ref name="pmid14681509">{{cite journal| author=Peipert JF| title=Clinical practice. Genital chlamydial infections. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2003 | volume= 349 | issue= 25 | pages= 2424-30 | pmid=14681509 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp030542 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14681509 }} </ref> | Tests based on antigen detection tests include the following | ||
'''Nucleic acid amplification tests(NAATS)'''<ref name="pmid12418541">{{cite journal| author=Johnson RE, Newhall WJ, Papp JR, Knapp JS, Black CM, Gift TL et al.| title=Screening tests to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections--2002. | journal=MMWR Recomm Rep | year= 2002 | volume= 51 | issue= RR-15 | pages= 1-38; quiz CE1-4 | pmid=12418541 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12418541 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24843434">{{cite journal| author=Nakamura A, Osonoi T, Terauchi Y| title=Relationship between urinary sodium excretion and pioglitazone-induced edema. | journal=J Diabetes Investig | year= 2010 | volume= 1 | issue= 5 | pages= 208-11 | pmid=24843434 | doi=10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00046.x | pmc=4020723 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24843434 }} </ref><ref name="pmid14681509">{{cite journal| author=Peipert JF| title=Clinical practice. Genital chlamydial infections. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2003 | volume= 349 | issue= 25 | pages= 2424-30 | pmid=14681509 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp030542 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14681509 }} </ref><ref>http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6302a1.htm Accessed on September 12, 2016</ref> | |||
*These include PCR, ligase chain reaction, and transcription-mediated amplification of RNA. | *These include PCR, ligase chain reaction, and transcription-mediated amplification of RNA. | ||
*Higher sensitivity and specificity than culture | *Higher sensitivity and specificity than culture | ||
*FDA approved for diagnosis | *Majority of tests are FDA approved for diagnosis | ||
*Recommended by CDC | *Recommended by CDC | ||
Revision as of 15:16, 12 September 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
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Overview
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of Chlamydial infection and its complications include:[1][2][3][4][5][6] [7]
Laboratory Findings
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of Chlamydial infection and its complications include:[1][2][3][8][5]
| Type of Chlamydia | Tests | Findings |
|---|---|---|
| Neonatal Conjuctivitis | CBC | Normal |
| ESR | Normal | |
| Neonatal pneumonia[1] | CBC | Absolute increase in eosinophil count |
| ESR | Increased | |
| CRP | Increased | |
| Genital infection[3][9][5] | CBC | Increased leukocyte count |
| Urinalysis | >5 WBCS per high power field | |
| ESR | Normal or increased | |
| CRP | Normal or increased | |
| Atypical pneumonia[10] | CBC | Increased or normal leukocyte count( lymphocytes) |
| Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome[2][3] | CBC | Increased leukocytes |
| LFTS | Normal | |
| ESR | Normal or increased | |
| D Dimer | Normal or increased |
Other diagnostic tests
The gold standard for the diagnosis of chlamydia infection is culture. However, other diagnostic tests used to diagnose chlamydia infection include
Culture
- Gold standard for diagnosing chlamydial infection
- Organism grows in cell culture
Direct Cytological test
- Used for diagnosing acute inclusion conjuctivitis in neonates
- Detects typical intracytoplasmic inclusions using giemsa stain
- Insensitive for diagnosing adult conjuctival and genital infection
Antigen detection tests
Tests based on antigen detection tests include the following Nucleic acid amplification tests(NAATS)[11][12][13][14]
- These include PCR, ligase chain reaction, and transcription-mediated amplification of RNA.
- Higher sensitivity and specificity than culture
- Majority of tests are FDA approved for diagnosis
- Recommended by CDC
Antibody detection tests
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lisowska P (1988). "The bridge to independence?". Br Dent J. 164 (5): 156–7. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4806386. PMID 3162806.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Stauffer ES (1973). "Closed injuries of the cervical spine and spinal cord flexion-rotation injuries". Proc Veterans Adm Spinal Cord Inj Conf (19): 47–8. PMID 4499951.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Yang HW, Jung SH, Han HY, Kim A, Lee YJ, Cha SW; et al. (2008). "[Clinical feature of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: analysis of 25 cases]". Korean J Hepatol. 14 (2): 178–84. doi:10.3350/kjhep.2008.14.2.178. PMID 18617765.
- ↑ Peipert, Jeffrey F., et al. "Laboratory evaluation of acute upper genital tract infection." Obstetrics & Gynecology 87.5 (1996): 730-736.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Stamm WE, Cole B (1986). "Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis in men". Sex Transm Dis. 13 (3): 163–5. PMID 3764626.
- ↑ Enwemeka CS, Rodriguez O, Mendosa S (1990). "The biomechanical effects of low-intensity ultrasound on healing tendons". Ultrasound Med Biol. 16 (8): 801–7. PMID 2095010.
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). "Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae--2014". MMWR Recomm Rep. 63 (RR-02): 1–19. PMC 4047970. PMID 24622331.
- ↑ Peipert, Jeffrey F., et al. "Laboratory evaluation of acute upper genital tract infection." Obstetrics & Gynecology 87.5 (1996): 730-736.
- ↑ Peipert, Jeffrey F., et al. "Laboratory evaluation of acute upper genital tract infection." Obstetrics & Gynecology 87.5 (1996): 730-736.
- ↑ Hayashi Y, Asano T, Ito G, Yamada Y, Matsuura T, Adachi S; et al. (1993). "[Study of cell populations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pneumonia due to Chlamydia psittaci and Mycoplasma pneumoniae]". Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi. 31 (5): 569–74. PMID 8331841.
- ↑ Johnson RE, Newhall WJ, Papp JR, Knapp JS, Black CM, Gift TL; et al. (2002). "Screening tests to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections--2002". MMWR Recomm Rep. 51 (RR-15): 1–38, quiz CE1-4. PMID 12418541.
- ↑ Nakamura A, Osonoi T, Terauchi Y (2010). "Relationship between urinary sodium excretion and pioglitazone-induced edema". J Diabetes Investig. 1 (5): 208–11. doi:10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00046.x. PMC 4020723. PMID 24843434.
- ↑ Peipert JF (2003). "Clinical practice. Genital chlamydial infections". N Engl J Med. 349 (25): 2424–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp030542. PMID 14681509.
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6302a1.htm Accessed on September 12, 2016