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| {{Infobox_Disease |
| | '''For patient information, click [[Chikungunya (patient information)|here]].''' |
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| DiseasesDB = 32213 |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|92|0|a|90}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|065.4}}, {{ICD9|066.3}} |
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| MeshID = D018354 |
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| {{Taxobox | color=violet| name = ''Chikungunya virus''
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| | virus_group = iv
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| | familia = ''[[Togaviridae]]''
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| | genus = ''[[Alphavirus]]'' | |
| | species = '''''Chikungunya virus'''''
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| {{Chikungunya}} | | {{Chikungunya}} |
| {{CMG}}
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| ==Etymology==
| | {{About1|Chikungunya virus}} |
| The name is derived from the [[Makonde]] word meaning "that which bends up" in reference to the stooped [[posture]] developed as a result of the [[arthritis|arthritic]] symptoms of the disease. The disease was first described by [[Marion Robinson]]<ref name=Robinson_1955>{{cite journal | author=Robinson Marion | title=An Epidemic of Virus Disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in [[1952]]-53; I. Clinical Features | journal=Trans Royal Society Trop Med Hyg | year=1955 | pages=28-32 | volume=49 | issue=1 }}</ref> and [[W.H.R. Lumsden]]<ref name=Lumsden_1955>{{cite journal | author=Lumsden WHR | title=An Epidemic of Virus Disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53; II. General Description and Epidemiology | journal=Trans Royal Society Trop Med Hyg | year=[[1955]] | pages=33-57 | volume=49 | issue=1 }}</ref> in [[1955]], following an outbreak on the [[Makonde Plateau]], along the border between [[Tanganyika]] and [[Mozambique]], in [[1952]]. Chikungunya is closely related to [[O'nyong'nyong virus]]<ref name=Vanlandingham_2005>{{cite journal | author=Vanlandingham DL, Hong C, Klingler K, Tsetsarkin K, McElroy KL, Powers AM, Lehane MJ, Higgs S | title=Differential infectivities of o'nyong-nyong and chikungunya virus isolates in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes | journal=Am J Trop Med Hyg | year=[[2005]] | pages=616-21 | volume=72 | issue=5 | id={{PMID|15891138}} }}</ref>.
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AL}} |
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| ==Impact==
| | {{SK}} Chicken guinea; chicken gunaya; chickengunya; Chikungunya fever |
| Chikungunya is generally not fatal. However, in [[2005]]-[[2006]], 200 deaths were associated with chikungunya on [[Réunion]] island and a widespread outbreak in [[India]], primarily in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. After flood and heavy rains in [[Rajasthan]], [[India]] in August 2006, thousands of cases were detected in [[Rajsamand]], [[Bhilwara]], [[Udaipur]], and [[Chittorgarh]] districts and also in adjoining regions of [[Gujarat]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]], and in the neighbouring country of [[Sri Lanka]]. In the southern Indian state of Kerala, 125 deaths were attributed to Chikungunya with the majority of the casualties reported in the district of [[Alapuzha]], primarily in [[Cherthala]]. In December 2006, an outbreak of 3,500 confirmed cases occurred in [[Maldives]], and over 60,000 cases in Sri Lanka, with over 80 deaths. [http://www.haveeru.com.mv/?page=engdetails&id=13333]. In October 2006 more than a dozen cases of Chikungunya were reported in [[Pakistan]]. A recent outbreak of the disease during June 2007 in [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Kottayam]] and [[Alappuzha]] districts of South Kerala, India claimed more than 50 lives. It is confirmed officially that there are 7000 confirmed Chikungunya patients in these areas. Unofficial reports suggest that more than one hundred thousand are suffering from symptoms of chikungunya.{{Fact|date=July 2007}}. The European Network for Diagnostics of "Imported" Viral Diseases [http://www.enivd.de/index.htm] claims that new phylogenetic variants of the virus which are fatal have been identified on Réunion. [http://www.enivd.de/index.htm]. In August/September 2007 some 160 people were infected in Italy's northern [[Ravenna]] region, resulting in one fatality.
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| __NOTOC__
| | ==[[Chikungunya overview|Overview]]== |
| {{Chikungunya}}
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| {{CMG}}
| | ==[[Chikungunya historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| | ==[[Chikungunya pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| ==References== | | ==[[Chikungunya causes|Causes]]== |
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| {{Reflist|2}}
| | ==[[Chikungunya differential diagnosis|Differentiating Chikungunya from other Diseases]]== |
| [[Category:Disease]] | |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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| __NOTOC__
| | ==[[Chikungunya epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| {{Chikungunya}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| ==References== | | ==[[Chikungunya risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
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| {{Reflist|2}}
| | ==[[Chikungunya natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| [[Category:Disease]] | |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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| ==Epidemiology== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| Chikungunya was first described in [[Tanzania]], Africa in [[1952]]. The first [[outbreak]] in [[India]] was in [[1963]] in Kolkata([[Calcutta]]).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/chikungunya-history.htm|title= Chikungunya-History|accessdate=2007-05-20}}</ref> An outbreak of chikungunya was also discovered in [[Port Klang]] in [[Malaysia]] in [[1999]] affecting 27 people [http://www.prn2.usm.my/mainsite/headline/health/jan99.html] [http://123starweb.googlepages.com/index.htm]. There was an outbreak in [[Italy]] late 2007, with 160 cases.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6981476.stm BBC: ''Mosquito virus arrives in Europe'', 6 September 2007]</ref>
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| ==See also==
| | [[Chikungunya history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Chikungunya physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Chikungunya laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Chikungunya other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| *[[Dengue fever]]
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| ==Notes== | | ==Treatment== |
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| <references/>
| | [[Chikungunya medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Chikungunya primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Chikungunya future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| ==External links== | | ==Case Studies== |
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| ===General information===
| | [[Chikungunya case study one|Case #1]] |
| *[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/Chikungunya/resources/Final%20Chikungunya%20Fever%20Fact%20Sheet_final.doc CDC factsheet on Chikungunya]
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| *[http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/Health_topics/Chikungunya_Fever/Disease_facts.html ECDC Chikungunya fact-sheet]
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| *[http://www.sgm.ac.uk/jgvdirect/82858/82858ft.pdf CDC Review of Chikungunya Virus as published in the September 2007 volume of The Journal of General Virology.]
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| *[http://www.vadscorner.com/alphaviruses.html Alphaviruses]
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| *[http://www.who.int/csr/don/en/ WHO site on disease outbreak news]
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| *[http://www.biojournals.com/Chikungunya.html Chikungunya Research] and [http://www.biojournals.com/Chikun%20Guniya.html Chikun guniya] - latest publications.
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| *[http://research.yale.edu/swahili/learn/?q=en/chikungunya_makonde Chikungunya is not Swahili (Internet Living Swahili Dictionary)]
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| *[http://www.globalpulse.net/archives/diseases/chikungunya_inf_1_000156.php Chikungunya and Pregnancy]
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| *[http://themauritiancommunity.com/showthread.php?t=12 Chikungunya and how to handle it (Mauritius)]
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| *[http://www.ecdc.eu.int/outbreaks/Chikungunya_reunion.php European Center for Disease Prevention and Control: Chikungunya Info for Travellers]
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| *[http://www.globalpulse.net/archives/diseases/indian_politici_000434.php Chikungunya Infection in India and Vector Control]
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| *[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1463904 Genome Microevolution of Chikungunya Viruses Causing the [[Indian Ocean]] Outbreak, NIH, July 2006.]
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| *[http://www.siddhaphysician.com/Chikungunya-Chicken-Guinea.html Chikungunya Siddha Treatment]
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| *[http://vital.net.in/pdf/articl_chik_deepu.pdf Realities of Chikungunya in Kerala]
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| ===News reports=== | | ==Related Chapters== |
| *[http://lionel.suz.free.fr/index.php?id=run&sub=chikungunya Chikungunya fever epidemic in Reunion Island (FR)]
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| *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4751890.stm French pledge for disease island (BBC article)]
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| *[http://www.natureseychelles.org/ Articles on Chikungunya in Seychelles]
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| *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4777530.stm Madagascar hit by mosquito virus (BBC article)]
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| *[http://www.medindia.net/news/view_news_main.asp?x=12141 Medindia.net]
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| *[http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/apr/04gunia.htm]
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| *[http://www.biojournals.com/chicken%20gunya.html]
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| *[http://enivd.de/VHFDISEASES/chiku_cadef_dat.htm European network for diagnosis of imported viral diseases]
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| {{Viral diseases}}
| | * [[Arbovirus]] |
| | * [[Dengue fever]] |
| | * [[Togaviridae]] |
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| [[Category:Viral diseases]]
| | ==External Links== |
| [[Category:Togaviruses]]
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| [[Category:Tropical disease]]
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| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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| | *[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs327/en/ Chikungunya] |
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| | {{Viral diseases}} |
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| [[cs:Chikungunya]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| [[de:Chikungunya-Fieber]]
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| [[dv:ޗިކުންގުންޔާ]]
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| [[es:Chikungunya]]
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| [[eo:Ĉikungunjo]]
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| [[fr:Chikungunya]]
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| [[io:Chikungunya]]
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| [[id:Chikungunya]]
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| [[it:Chikungunya]]
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| [[ml:ചിക്കുന്ഗുനിയ]]
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| [[ms:Demam Chikungunya]]
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| [[nl:Chikungunya-virus]]
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| [[ja:チクングンヤ熱]]
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| [[pl:Chikungunya]]
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| [[si:චිකුන්ගුන්යා]]
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| [[sv:Chikungunya]]
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| [[ta:சிக்குன்குனியா]]
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| [[te:చికన్గన్యా]]
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| [[vi:Bệnh Chikungunya]]
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| [[zh:契昆根亞熱]]
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