Cervical cancer diagnostic study of choice: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Cervical cancer}} | {{Cervical cancer}} | ||
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{MD}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Nnasiri}}, {{MD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Cervical cancer is staged by the [[International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics]] (FIGO) staging system, which is based on clinical examination, cost effective imaging studies and gynecologyocal procedures such as [[hysteroscopy]] and [[cystoscopy]], this is important to detect [[survival rate]]<nowiki/>s in women with cervical cancer. The advantage of newly revised 2018 [[FIGO]] is that it can be used in lower income countries as well since expensive surgical procedures are avoided in this staging sysytem. | |||
Cervical cancer is staged by the [[International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics]] (FIGO) staging system, which is based on clinical examination, | |||
==Staging== | ==Staging== | ||
===FIGO Stage Groupings and Definitions | ===FIGO Stage Groupings and Definitions=== | ||
The revised 2018 [[FIGO]] staging system for cervical cancer is useful to distinguish survival groups based on their distinct charracteristics and outcome.<ref name="FreemanAly2012">{{cite journal|last1=Freeman|first1=Susan J.|last2=Aly|first2=Ahmed M.|last3=Kataoka|first3=Masako Y.|last4=Addley|first4=Helen C.|last5=Reinhold|first5=Caroline|last6=Sala|first6=Evis|title=The Revised FIGO Staging System for Uterine Malignancies: Implications for MR Imaging|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=32|issue=6|year=2012|pages=1805–1827|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.326125519}}</ref><ref>http://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/hp/cervical-treatment-pdq#section/_11</ref> | |||
====Stage I- The carcinoma is strictly confined to the [[cervix]] (extension to the [[uterine corpus]] should be disregarded)==== | |||
====Stage I- The carcinoma is strictly confined to the cervix (extension to the uterine corpus should be disregarded)==== | |||
*IA -Invasive cancer identified only microscopically. (All gross lesions even with superficial invasion are Stage IB cancers.) Invasion is limited to measured stromal invasion with a maximum depth of 5 mmband no wider than 7 mm | *IA -Invasive cancer identified only microscopically. (All gross lesions even with superficial invasion are Stage IB cancers.) Invasion is limited to measured stromal invasion with a maximum depth of 5 mmband no wider than 7 mm | ||
:*IA1 - Measured invasion of stroma ≤3.0 mm in depth and ≤7.0 mm width | :*IA1 - Measured invasion of [[stroma]] ≤3.0 mm in depth and ≤7.0 mm width | ||
:*IA2 - Measured invasion of stroma >3.0 mm and < 5.0 mm in depth and ≤ 7 mm width | :*IA2 - Measured invasion of [[stroma]] >3.0 mm and < 5.0 mm in depth and ≤ 7 mm width | ||
*IB - Clinical lesions confined to the cervix or preclinical lesions greater than stage IA | *IB - Clinical lesions confined to the [[cervix]] or preclinical lesions greater than stage IA | ||
:*IB1 - Clinical lesions no greater than 4 cm in size | :*IB1 - Clinical lesions no greater than 4 cm in size | ||
:*IB2 - Clinical lesions >4 cm in size | :*IB2 - Clinical lesions >4 cm in size | ||
====Stage II -The carcinoma extends beyond the uterus but not extended onto the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina.==== | ====Stage II -The carcinoma extends beyond the [[uterus]] but not extended onto the [[pelvic]] wall or to the lower third of the vagina.==== | ||
*IIA- Involvement of up to the upper 2/3 of the vagina. No obvious parametrial involvement | *IIA- Involvement of up to the upper 2/3 of the vagina. No obvious parametrial involvement | ||
:*IIA1 - Clinically visible lesion ≤4.0 cm | :*IIA1 - Clinically visible lesion ≤4.0 cm | ||
| Line 25: | Line 23: | ||
*IIB - Obvious parametrial involvement but not onto the [[pelvic sidewall]] | *IIB - Obvious parametrial involvement but not onto the [[pelvic sidewall]] | ||
====Stage III - The carcinoma has extended onto the pelvic sidewall. On rectal examination, there is no cancer-free space between the tumor and pelvic sidewall. The tumor involves the lower third of the vagina. All cases of hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney should be included unless they are known to be due to other causes==== | ====Stage III - The carcinoma has extended onto the [[pelvic]] sidewall. On [[rectal]] examination, there is no cancer-free space between the tumor and [[pelvic]] sidewall. The [[tumor]] involves the lower third of the vagina. All cases of [[hydronephrosis]] or nonfunctioning [[kidney]] should be included unless they are known to be due to other causes==== | ||
*IIIA - Involvement of the lower vagina but no extension onto pelvic sidewall | *IIIA - Involvement of the lower [[vagina]] but no extension onto [[pelvic]] sidewall | ||
*IIIB - Extension onto the pelvic sidewall, or [[hydronephrosis]]/non-functioning kidney | *IIIB - Extension onto the [[pelvic]] sidewall, or [[hydronephrosis]]/non-functioning [[kidney]] | ||
====Stage IV The carcinoma has extended beyond the true pelvis or has clinically involved the mucosa of the bladder and/or rectum==== | ====Stage IV The carcinoma has extended beyond the true [[pelvis]] or has clinically involved the mucosa of the [[bladder]] and/or [[rectum]]==== | ||
*IVA - Spread to adjacent [[pelvic | *IVA - Spread to adjacent [[pelvic]] organs | ||
*IVB - Spread to distant organs | *IVB - Spread to distant organs | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Gynecology]] | [[Category:Gynecology]] | ||
[[Category:Types of cancer]] | [[Category:Types of cancer]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Oncology]] | [[Category:Oncology]] | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:51, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nima Nasiri, M.D.[2], Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [3]
Overview
Cervical cancer is staged by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system, which is based on clinical examination, cost effective imaging studies and gynecologyocal procedures such as hysteroscopy and cystoscopy, this is important to detect survival rates in women with cervical cancer. The advantage of newly revised 2018 FIGO is that it can be used in lower income countries as well since expensive surgical procedures are avoided in this staging sysytem.
Staging
FIGO Stage Groupings and Definitions
The revised 2018 FIGO staging system for cervical cancer is useful to distinguish survival groups based on their distinct charracteristics and outcome.[1][2]
Stage I- The carcinoma is strictly confined to the cervix (extension to the uterine corpus should be disregarded)
- IA -Invasive cancer identified only microscopically. (All gross lesions even with superficial invasion are Stage IB cancers.) Invasion is limited to measured stromal invasion with a maximum depth of 5 mmband no wider than 7 mm
- IB - Clinical lesions confined to the cervix or preclinical lesions greater than stage IA
- IB1 - Clinical lesions no greater than 4 cm in size
- IB2 - Clinical lesions >4 cm in size
Stage II -The carcinoma extends beyond the uterus but not extended onto the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina.
- IIA- Involvement of up to the upper 2/3 of the vagina. No obvious parametrial involvement
- IIA1 - Clinically visible lesion ≤4.0 cm
- IIA2 - Clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm
- IIB - Obvious parametrial involvement but not onto the pelvic sidewall
Stage III - The carcinoma has extended onto the pelvic sidewall. On rectal examination, there is no cancer-free space between the tumor and pelvic sidewall. The tumor involves the lower third of the vagina. All cases of hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney should be included unless they are known to be due to other causes
- IIIA - Involvement of the lower vagina but no extension onto pelvic sidewall
- IIIB - Extension onto the pelvic sidewall, or hydronephrosis/non-functioning kidney
Stage IV The carcinoma has extended beyond the true pelvis or has clinically involved the mucosa of the bladder and/or rectum
- IVA - Spread to adjacent pelvic organs
- IVB - Spread to distant organs
References
- ↑ Freeman, Susan J.; Aly, Ahmed M.; Kataoka, Masako Y.; Addley, Helen C.; Reinhold, Caroline; Sala, Evis (2012). "The Revised FIGO Staging System for Uterine Malignancies: Implications for MR Imaging". RadioGraphics. 32 (6): 1805–1827. doi:10.1148/rg.326125519. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ http://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/hp/cervical-treatment-pdq#section/_11